Week 5 Chapter 38 Flashcards
Any environmental substance that can cause physical defect in developing embryo and fetus.
Teratogens
Premature infants are at greater risk for brain damage and intracranial hemorrhage/ bleeding
True
More premature the infant, greater the risk
What makes up the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord.
Development occurs at __ to___ weeks gestation from the neural tube.
3-4 weeks
What can affect normal CNS development?
Infection, trauma, teratogens, and malnutrition can cause physical defects and may affect CNS development.
At birth the cranial bones are well developed.
False
Increased risk for infection.
What is highly vascular organ?
Brain.
Increased risk for intracranial hemorrhage.
_____________ and ______ provide for brain growth.
Sutures and fontanels.
In a child the spinal cord is_________.
Mobile. High risk for cervical spine injury.
What is large to proportion to the body?
Head of the infant.
Head of infant accounts for ___ of the body height.
1/4.
Adults is 1/8th.
Child’s neck and muscles are ________ developed.
Not well developed.
Leads to increased incidence of head injury from falls.
PMH related to Neurologic Disease in Children
Prematurity
Difficult birth
Infection during Pregnancy
Falls
Recent Trauma
Common S/S related to Neurological Disease in children
Nausea, vomiting
Headaches
Changes in gait
Loss of motor function
Visual disturbances
Recent Trauma
Poor feeding
Lethargy
Fever
Pain
Changes in LOC
Increased irritability
Altered muscle tone
Inspection an observation with a Neurologic Disorder
LOC
VS
Head, face, and neck
Cranial Nerve Function
Motor Function
DTR
Sensory Function
Increased ICP
Earliest indicator of improvement or deterioration of neurologic status.
Loss of consciousness
Lack of response to painful stimuli is abnormal and can indicate life threatening condition. Report finding immediately to HCP.
5 States of Consciousness
Full
Confusion
Obtunded
Stupor
Coma
Child can’t be aroused even with painful stimuli.
Coma
Child responds to vigorous stimuli
Stupor
Child has limited responses to the environment and falls asleep unless stimulation is provided.
Obtunded
Disorientation exists, child may be alert but responds to inappropriately to questions
Confusion
Child is awake and alert, is oriented to time, place, person, and exhibit appropriate age behaviors.
Full Consciousness
Objective measure of child’s LOC by assigning numeric values to the presence of developmentally appropriate cues(eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.)
Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale
Alterations in CN function can be result of
Compression of nerve, infection, or trauma leading to brain injury.