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ADN005 Pediatrics > Week 5 Chapter 39 > Flashcards

Week 5 Chapter 39 Flashcards

1
Q

Ability to focus with both eyes simultaneously

A

Binocular Vision

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2
Q

Binocular vision by the age of ____ and ___

A

3-7 months

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3
Q

Visual acuity is completed by what age?

A

5 years of age

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4
Q

Newborn eye vision is

A

20/400

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5
Q

Eyeball occupies larger space in orbit and makes it more…

A

Susceptible to injury

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6
Q

Hearing is intact in birth

A

True

Short, wide, and horizontally placed eustachian tubes in young children and increase risk of middle ear infections

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7
Q

Factors associated with disorders of the eyes and ears of children

A

Congenital Disorders
- Cataracts and infantile glaucoma
- Prematurity

Genetic Disorders

Family History

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8
Q

Common Labs and Diagnostics Tests for Eye/ Ear disorders

A

Inspection and observation

Visual Acuity Test

Audiometry

Tympanometry

Inspection of tympanic membrane with otoscope

Tympanic FLuid Culture

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9
Q

Inspections in eyes looking for?

A

Eyes, eyeglasses, strabismus, nystagmus, squinting, edema, discharge and size/ shape of pupils

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10
Q

Inspection of ears looking for…

A

Hearing aids, size and shape of ears, position, skin tags, dimples, palpate for pain, enlarged cervical nodes.

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11
Q

Testing Eyes performed During Physical Examination

A

Extraocular movements
Pupillary light response and accommodation
Symmetry of corneal light reflex
Presence of red reflex with an ophthalmoscope
Age approximate visual acuity test

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12
Q

Tumbling E and picture chart appropriate for preschool age children who do not know the alphabet

A

True

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13
Q

May be transient or permanent

unilateral or bilateral

A

Hearing acuity or loss

Language development is dependent on ability to hear

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14
Q

Transmission of sound through middle of ear is disrupted

A

Conductive

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15
Q

Damage to the hair cells in the cochlea or long the auditory pathway

A

Sensorineural

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16
Q

Attributed to both the conductive and sensorineural problem

A

Mixed

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17
Q

Tests of ears performed during physical examination

A

Audiometry
Tympanometry
Whisper Test
Weber and Rinne Tests Culture of tympanic discharge

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18
Q

Hearing test

A

Audiometry

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19
Q

Measures tympanic membrane mobility and determines middle of ear pressure

A

Tympanometry

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20
Q

4 years or older

One ear occluded stand behind child and whisper

A

Whisper Test

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21
Q

6 years or older and uses tuning fork

A

Weber and Rinne tests

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22
Q

Vibrating tuning to the middle of top of head. Should be equally heard

A

Weber

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23
Q

Vibrating tuning fork on mastoid process, child signals when sound is gone

A

Rinne

Then vibrating tuning fork outside of ear to test air conduction, child signals when gone

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24
Q

Air conduction time should be twice as long as bone conduction time

A

Passing Test

25
Q

Common Medical Treatments for Eyes

A

Warm Compress
Corrective Lens
Patching
Eye Muscle Surgery

26
Q

Common Medical Treatments for Ears

A

Pressure Equalizing Tubes
Hearing Aids
Cochlear Implants

27
Q

Adhesive Patch applied to healthier eye to strengthen the weaker eye

(strabismus, ambylopia)

A

Patching

28
Q

Surgical alignment of the eye
(stabismus)

A

Eye Muscle Surgery

29
Q

Inserted into the TM ( chronic otitis media with effusion)

A

PE Tubes

30
Q

Surgically inserted electronic prosthetic device (sensoriurneal loss)

A

Cochlear Implants

Must be at least 12 months of age

31
Q

Treatment of bacterial infections of the eyes and ears

A

Antibiotics

32
Q

Block histamine reactions

A

Antihistamines

33
Q

Pain relief

A

Analgesics

34
Q

Inflamed conjunctiva, purulent discharge, mild pain, occasional eye lid edema

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

35
Q

Inflamed conjunctiva, watery discharge, usually eyelid edema

A

Viral Conjunctiva

36
Q

Inflamed conjunctivae, watery or stringy discharge, itching, eyelid edema usually present

A

Allergic conjunctivae

37
Q

Stye infected eyelash follicle

A

Hordeolum

38
Q

Chronic scaling and discharges along the eyelids

A

Blepharitis

39
Q

Enlargement of oil gland

A

Chalazion

40
Q

Common 90% resolve spontaneously

A

Nasolacrimal Duct Stenosis

41
Q

Management of Disorders of the Eyelid and Management

A

Topical antibiotic Tx- Hordeolum, blepharitis

Resolve Spontaneously- Chalazion

Massage- Nasolacrimal Duct Stenosis

42
Q

May resolve spontaneously, but if not requires surgery

Parent education- hot, moist compresses

A

Chalazion

43
Q

Light that enters the lens does not bend to allow it fall directly on the retina

A

Refractive Errors

Farsighted- Hyperopia
Nearsighted- Myopia

Eyeglasses or contact lens

44
Q

Misalignment of eyes

A

Strabismus
Patching, corrective lens

45
Q

Poor visual development in normal eye, “lazy eye”

A

Amblyopia

Patching

46
Q

Rapid and irregular eye movement

A

Nystagmus

Common cause is neurologic problem

47
Q

Autosomal Recessive, obstruction of aqueous humor flow and increased intraocular pressure

A

Glaucoma

Surgical Intervention - goniotomy, laser

48
Q

Opacity of the lens of eye

A

Cataract

49
Q

Rapid growth of retinal blood vessels in the premature infant

A

ROP

Retinopathy of Prematurity

  • Serial Eye Exams
50
Q

ROP Risk Factors

A

Low Birth Weight
Early Gestational Age
Sepsis
High Light Intensity
Hypothermia
Hypoxia
Duration and concentration supplemental oxygen

51
Q

Acuity between 20/60 and 20/200

Legal blindness < 20/200 or peripheral vision less than 20 degrees

A

Visual Impairment

52
Q

Factors that increase visual impairment

A

Prematurity
Development Delay
Genetic Syndrome
Family Hx of Eye Disease
African American
Diabetes, HIV
Previous Serious Eye Injury
Chronic Corticosteroid Use

53
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Visual Impairment

A

Dull Vacant Stare

Infants
Does not fix and follow or make eye contact
Unaffected by bright light
Does not imitate facial expression

54
Q

Signs and Symptoms Visual Impairment in Toddlers and Older Children

A

Rubs, shunts and covers eyes
Squints and blinks frequently
Holds object close or sits close to television
Bumps into objects
Displays head tilt or forward thrust

55
Q

AOM

A

Acute Infectious Process

56
Q

Otitis Media with Effusion

A

Collection of fluid in the middle ear without s/s of infection

57
Q

Otitis Externa

A

Infection and inflammation of the skin of the external ear canal

58
Q

Risk factors of Otitis Media

A

Eustachian Tubes
Recurrent Upper Respiratory Infection
Daycare Attendance
Previous Episode
Smoking in Household

59
Q

HPI Acute Otitis Media

A

Onset and progression
Fever
Nasal Congestion
Eye or ear pain
Eye rubbing
Ear pulling
Headache
Lethargy
Behavioral Changes

ADN005 Pediatrics (21 decks)

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