Week 4 Chapter 41 Flashcards
Fetal heart rate is present around …
post conceptual day 17
When are the heart chambers and arteries formed?
During gestational weeks 2-8
Oxygenation of the fetus occurs
Via the placenta
Lungs are perfused but do not
Oxygenation and ventilation
The_______________ ______ allows blood flow from the right to left atrium
Foramen Ovale
This allows blood flow between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, shunting blood away from the pulmonary circulation
Ductus Arteriosus
As the newborn breathes for the first time, the lungs inflate, reducing pulmonary vascular resistance.
True
Results in change of pressure leads to closure of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus.
Lack of blood flow and vasoconstriction the__________ ___________ becomes ligaments and the umbilical arteries and vein atrophy
Ductus Arteriosus
HR in toddlers
80-115
Heart Rate in infancy is
90-160BPM
School Age/ Adolescent HR
60-100
Blood Pressure in Infancy
80/55 increases with age
HR and BP reaches adult levels by adolescence
AT birth the ventricle walls are similar in thickness, but with time the left ventricular wall thickens
True
The infants HR at rest exhibits a greater resting tension than adults, which means?
Volume Loading or increase stretch may actually lead to decreased Cardiac Output
Children younger than 7 years the heart lies…
Horizontally and higher in the chest below the 4 intercostal space
As the lungs grow the heart is displaced downward
Between 6-12 years old the heart
10x size it was at birth
But smaller proportionally at this time than any other stage in life
During school age years the heart grows
Vertically within the chest
During adolescence the hearts …
Continues to grow in relation to the teen’s rapid growth
_________________ improves ___________________ blood flow by increasing systematic vascular resistance
Squatting, pulmonary
History of Present Illness
When symptoms started and how they progressed
Treatments and medications used at home
Activity level compared to peers
History of:
Orthopnea
Dyspnea
Easily fatigued
Squatting
Growth Delay
Edema
Dizziness
Poor Feeding
Lethargy
Vomiting
Motor Delays
Cyanosis
Tachypnea
Past Health History of Cardiovascular
Problems occurring after birth
Congenital malformation
Birth History
Frequent Infections
Chromosomal abnormalities
Prematurity
Autoimmune Disorders
Uses of meds such as steroids
Risk Factors for CV Disorders include
Family History of CVD
- Investigate the heat further if heart disease occurred in a first degree relative
Sudden Death in a young family member
Hyperlipidemia
DM
Signs of a Cardiac Disorder may include___________ and ___________
Edema- face, presacral, extremities
Clubbing- softening of nail beds, rounding of nail ends, shininess and thickening of nail ends