Week 5 Chapter 50 Psych Flashcards by Steven Singh

Factors influencing Children’s Behavior

Biology or genetic characteristics
Nutrition
Physical Health
Developmental Ability
Environmental and Family Interactions
Child’s individual Temperament
Parent’s or caregiver’s responses to child’s behavior

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Child with behavioral problems or mental health issues often have difficulty in the areas of school, peer relationships, and family.

All which may worsen the child’s self concept, further hindering his/her emotional health

True

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Deep relaxation with suggestibility remarks

Hypnosis

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Child and therapist work together to solve conflicts

Individual Therapy

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Specially structured setting designed to promote child’s adaptive and social skills

Milieu Therapy

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In school or hospital with a group of participants

Group Therapy

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Exploration of child’s emotions and effect on family

Family Therapy

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Group and individual sessions to treat chronic suicidal thoughts in borderline personality disorders

DBT Therapy

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Teaches children to change negative thoughts and replaced with alternative ones

CBT Therapy

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Designed to change emotional status

Play Therapy

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Use stimulus and response conditioning to manage and alter behavior

Behavioral Therapy

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Behavior Management Techniques

Set limits and hold child responsible behavior

Do not argue, bargain or negotiate the limits

Provide consistent caregivers and establish daily routine

Use a low pitched voice

Redirect child’s attention when needed

Ignore inappropriate behaviors

Paise the child’s self control efforts

Use restraints only when necessary

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Healthy History for a Child with a Mental Health Disorder

Health History noting prenatal and birth history `

Family history of any mental health disorders

Past medical history

History of neurologic injury or disease

Developmental History

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Behaviors related to Mental health Disorders

Hallucinations
Aggression
Distractibility
Inhibition
Poor attention span
Unusual motor activities
Changes in behavior or activity level

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Psychostimulants

Methylphenidate dextroamphetamines

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Antianxiety

Buspirone

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Antimanic

Lithium

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SSRI

Fluoxetine

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Atypical Depressants

Trazodone

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NNRI

Atomoxtrine

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a Agonist Antihypertensive Agents

Clonidine

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Atypical Antipsychotics

Risperidone

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Tricyclic Antidepressants

Amitriptyline

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Difficulty with reading, writing, and spelling

Dyslexia

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Problems with mathematics and computation

Dyscalculia

Problems with manual dexterity and coordination

Dyspraxia

Difficulty producing the written word

Dysgraphia

Neurologic disorder in which child can not organize sensory input used in daily living

Sensory Processing Disorder

Hyposensitivity or hypersensitivity to sensory input Results in overreaction to different textures, decreasing the child's ability to participate in the world Pre term and low birth weight more increased risk Occupational and other therapies may increase child's ability to function

Sensory Processing Disorder May be mistaken for learning disorder but it much different

Criteria for Diagnosis for Intellectual Ability

Deviations in IQ of two or more standard deviations Coexisting deficits in at least two adaptive skills Communication Community Use Functional Academics Health and Safety Home Living Leisure Self Care Self Direction Social Skills Work Disability occurring before age of 18 years

50-55 to 70

Mild IQ disability

35-40 to 50-55

Moderate IQ disability

IQ 20-25 to 35-40

Severe IQ disability

IQ less than 20-25

Profound

Dysmorphic features consistent with certain syndromes

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome One of the disorders that will lifelong consequences for the child.

Results from utero alcohol exposure Low nasal bridge with short upturned nose Flattened midface Long philtrum with narrow upper lip

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Poor coordination and skeletal abnormalities Microcephaly Failure to thrive Hearing loss

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Pervasive developmental disorder has its onset in infancy or early childhood 1 in 150 affected children

Autism Spectrum Disorder ranges from mild to severe

Routine screening begins in toddler years with screening tools completed by parents at well child visits

True ASD

Ranges from mild to severe Many children are intellectual disabled; lifelong supervision Most display normal to high intelligence levels Possible etiology Genetics Brain abnormalities Altered Chemistry Virus Toxic Chemicals

ASD

Common Screening Tools for Autism

CHAT M CHAT SCQ PDDST -II

Common Screening tools for children with Anxiety

Beck Anxiety Inventory for Youth MASC Preschool Anxiety Scale SACS

Does not imitate Lack of interest in joint attention Eye contact abnormalities Delayed language development Failure to develop symbolic imaginative play Losing language or social skills at any age

Warning signs of Autism

Nursing interventions for families of children with autism

Provide emotional support Provide professional guidance and education Assess the fit with developmental of child and treatment plan Help parents overcome barriers Stress importance of rigid and unchanging routines Assess the parents' need for respite care and make referrals Provide positive feedback to parents for their perseverance If in hospital keep noise distractions to a minimum

Most common neurodevelopmental disorder Characterized by inattention, impulsivity, distractibility, and hyperactivity

ADHD

Treatment includes psychostimulants 3 Subtypes 1. Hyper active impulse 2. Inattentive 3. Combined

ADHD Psychostimulants should be taken in the morning to decrease effect of insomnia

Affects 7-10% of all children Educate caregivers amphetamines prescribed to treat this and may be diverted for illicit purposes

ADHD

Dramatic weight loss as a result of decreased food intake and increased physical exercise

Anorexia Nervosa

Cycle of normal food intake, followed by binge eating and purging

Bulimia

Ingests paint, clay, or sand over at least one month and frequently in 2-3 year old's

Pica

Baby regurgitates partially digested food or formula and expels or swallows it

Rumination

Eating disorders are common in what gender and age group

Female adolescents

Complications of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia

Fluid and Electrolyte imbalance Decreased blood volume Cardiac Arrythmias Esophagitis Rupture of the esophagus or stomach Tooth Loss Menstrual Problems Mortality as high as 18%

Depression : Comorbid Disorders

Suicide Anxiety Disorders Substance Abuse Eating Disorders Self- Harm Disruptive Behavioral Disorders

Previous Suicide Attempt Change in performance Loss of interest Feelings of hopelessness Statements of suicide Having a plan or self harm

Risk Factors for Suicide

Mood disorders are biologic conditions Administer antidepressant medication safely and monitor for adverse effects Encourage and praise the child after therapies Support family through process Refer the family to local support resources

Teaching topics and Psychosocial Interventions : Mood Disorders

Most common diagnosed psychiatric conditions among children and adolescents Reactions to perceived or actual threat

Anxiety Disorders

Unrealistic concerns over past behavior, future events, and personal experience

GAD

Fear of speaking in front of others, using public restrooms or speaking to authorites

Social Phobia

Persistent failure to speak

Selective Mutism

May need to remain close to parents

Separation Anxiety

Obsessions unwanted and intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors (compulsions)

OCD

Occurs after a child experiences a traumatic evet, later experiences physiological arousal when a stimulus triggers memories of the event

PTSD Will not develop into personality disorder

Types of Abuse/ Violence Leading to Mental Illness in Children

Children maltreatment -Physical Abuse -Sexual Abuse - Neglect Medical Child Abuse- Munchausen Syndrome Substance Abuse

Child with one or more illnesses that does not respond to treatment or that follow a puzzling course Symptom do not make sense or disappear when perpetrator is around or not present Physical and Lab findings do not fit with reported history Repeated hospitalizations failing to produce a medical diagnosis Parent who refuse to accept that the diagnosis is not medical

Warning Signs of Medical Child Abuse