Week 5 Chapter 50 Psych Flashcards
Factors influencing Children’s Behavior
Biology or genetic characteristics
Nutrition
Physical Health
Developmental Ability
Environmental and Family Interactions
Child’s individual Temperament
Parent’s or caregiver’s responses to child’s behavior
Child with behavioral problems or mental health issues often have difficulty in the areas of school, peer relationships, and family.
All which may worsen the child’s self concept, further hindering his/her emotional health
True
Deep relaxation with suggestibility remarks
Hypnosis
Child and therapist work together to solve conflicts
Individual Therapy
Specially structured setting designed to promote child’s adaptive and social skills
Milieu Therapy
In school or hospital with a group of participants
Group Therapy
Exploration of child’s emotions and effect on family
Family Therapy
Group and individual sessions to treat chronic suicidal thoughts in borderline personality disorders
DBT Therapy
Teaches children to change negative thoughts and replaced with alternative ones
CBT Therapy
Designed to change emotional status
Play Therapy
Use stimulus and response conditioning to manage and alter behavior
Behavioral Therapy
Behavior Management Techniques
Set limits and hold child responsible behavior
Do not argue, bargain or negotiate the limits
Provide consistent caregivers and establish daily routine
Use a low pitched voice
Redirect child’s attention when needed
Ignore inappropriate behaviors
Paise the child’s self control efforts
Use restraints only when necessary
Healthy History for a Child with a Mental Health Disorder
Health History noting prenatal and birth history `
Family history of any mental health disorders
Past medical history
History of neurologic injury or disease
Developmental History
Behaviors related to Mental health Disorders
Hallucinations
Aggression
Distractibility
Inhibition
Poor attention span
Unusual motor activities
Changes in behavior or activity level
Psychostimulants
Methylphenidate dextroamphetamines
Antianxiety
Buspirone
Antimanic
Lithium
SSRI
Fluoxetine
Atypical Depressants
Trazodone
NNRI
Atomoxtrine
a Agonist Antihypertensive Agents
Clonidine
Atypical Antipsychotics
Risperidone
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Amitriptyline
Difficulty with reading, writing, and spelling
Dyslexia
Problems with mathematics and computation
Dyscalculia
Problems with manual dexterity and coordination
Dyspraxia
Difficulty producing the written word
Dysgraphia
Neurologic disorder in which child can not organize sensory input used in daily living
Sensory Processing Disorder
Hyposensitivity or hypersensitivity to sensory input
Results in overreaction to different textures, decreasing the child’s ability to participate in the world
Pre term and low birth weight more increased risk
Occupational and other therapies may increase child’s ability to function
Sensory Processing Disorder
May be mistaken for learning disorder but it much different
Criteria for Diagnosis for Intellectual Ability
Deviations in IQ of two or more standard deviations
Coexisting deficits in at least two adaptive skills
Communication
Community Use
Functional Academics
Health and Safety
Home Living
Leisure
Self Care
Self Direction
Social Skills
Work
Disability occurring before age of 18 years
50-55 to 70
Mild IQ disability
35-40 to 50-55
Moderate IQ disability
IQ 20-25 to 35-40
Severe IQ disability
IQ less than 20-25
Profound
Dysmorphic features consistent with certain syndromes
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
One of the disorders that will lifelong consequences for the child.
Results from utero alcohol exposure
Low nasal bridge with short upturned nose
Flattened midface
Long philtrum with narrow upper lip
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Poor coordination and skeletal abnormalities
Microcephaly
Failure to thrive
Hearing loss
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Pervasive developmental disorder has its onset in infancy or early childhood
1 in 150 affected children
Autism Spectrum Disorder
ranges from mild to severe
Routine screening begins in toddler years with screening tools completed by parents at well child visits
True
ASD
Ranges from mild to severe
Many children are intellectual disabled; lifelong supervision
Most display normal to high intelligence levels
Possible etiology
Genetics
Brain abnormalities
Altered Chemistry
Virus
Toxic Chemicals
ASD
Common Screening Tools for Autism
CHAT
M CHAT
SCQ
PDDST -II
Common Screening tools for children with Anxiety
Beck Anxiety Inventory for Youth
MASC
Preschool Anxiety Scale
SACS
Does not imitate
Lack of interest in joint attention
Eye contact abnormalities
Delayed language development
Failure to develop symbolic imaginative play
Losing language or social skills at any age
Warning signs of Autism
Nursing interventions for families of children with autism
Provide emotional support
Provide professional guidance and education
Assess the fit with developmental of child and treatment plan
Help parents overcome barriers
Stress importance of rigid and unchanging routines
Assess the parents’ need for respite care and make referrals
Provide positive feedback to parents for their perseverance
If in hospital keep noise distractions to a minimum
Most common neurodevelopmental disorder
Characterized by inattention, impulsivity, distractibility, and hyperactivity
ADHD
Treatment includes psychostimulants
3 Subtypes
1. Hyper active impulse
2. Inattentive
3. Combined
ADHD
Psychostimulants should be taken in the morning to decrease effect of insomnia
Affects 7-10% of all children
Educate caregivers amphetamines prescribed to treat this and may be diverted for illicit purposes
ADHD
Dramatic weight loss as a result of decreased food intake and increased physical exercise
Anorexia Nervosa
Cycle of normal food intake, followed by binge eating and purging
Bulimia
Ingests paint, clay, or sand over at least one month and frequently in 2-3 year old’s
Pica
Baby regurgitates partially digested food or formula and expels or swallows it
Rumination
Eating disorders are common in what gender and age group
Female adolescents
Complications of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia
Fluid and Electrolyte imbalance
Decreased blood volume
Cardiac Arrythmias
Esophagitis
Rupture of the esophagus or stomach
Tooth Loss
Menstrual Problems
Mortality as high as 18%
Depression : Comorbid Disorders
Suicide
Anxiety Disorders
Substance Abuse
Eating Disorders
Self- Harm
Disruptive Behavioral Disorders
Previous Suicide Attempt
Change in performance
Loss of interest
Feelings of hopelessness
Statements of suicide
Having a plan or self harm
Risk Factors for Suicide
Mood disorders are biologic conditions
Administer antidepressant medication safely and monitor for adverse effects
Encourage and praise the child after therapies
Support family through process
Refer the family to local support resources
Teaching topics and Psychosocial Interventions : Mood Disorders
Most common diagnosed psychiatric conditions among children and adolescents
Reactions to perceived or actual threat
Anxiety Disorders
Unrealistic concerns over past behavior, future events, and personal experience
GAD
Fear of speaking in front of others, using public restrooms or speaking to authorites
Social Phobia
Persistent failure to speak
Selective Mutism
May need to remain close to parents
Separation Anxiety
Obsessions unwanted and intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors (compulsions)
OCD
Occurs after a child experiences a traumatic evet, later experiences physiological arousal when a stimulus triggers memories of the event
PTSD
Will not develop into personality disorder
Types of Abuse/ Violence Leading to Mental Illness in Children
Children maltreatment
-Physical Abuse
-Sexual Abuse
- Neglect
Medical Child Abuse- Munchausen Syndrome
Substance Abuse
Child with one or more illnesses that does not respond to treatment or that follow a puzzling course
Symptom do not make sense or disappear when perpetrator is around or not present
Physical and Lab findings do not fit with reported history
Repeated hospitalizations failing to produce a medical diagnosis
Parent who refuse to accept that the diagnosis is not medical
Warning Signs of Medical Child Abuse
