Week 1 Chapter 28 Flashcards
Physical growth of School Age Children
Grows an average of 2.5 inches
Weight growth of school age children
average of 7Ibs per year
Boys and girls are similar in height and weight early on?
True
- Later on girls may develop faster than boys in height and weight; boys will “ catch up”
Physical growth of school age children will show what characteristics ?
Secondary Sexual Characteristics
-Expectations of behavior should be consistent with age, not appearances
Neurologic system of school age children
The brain and skull grow very slowly; cognitive processes mature
Respiratory System of school age children
RR decreases and respirations are diaphragmatic in nature
CV system in school age children
Blood pressure increases and pulse rate decreases
Immune system in school age children
Matures to adult level around 10 years old; fewer infections experienced
GI system of school age children
Deciduous teeth replaced by permanent teeth, Fewer GI upsets; stomach capacity increases, caloric needs lower, but appetite may increase
GU system of school age children
Bladder capacity increases ( age in years + 2oz), prepubescence occurs
Musculoskeletal System of school ager children
Greater coordination and strength, muscle still immature and can easily be injured.
Gross motor in school age children
Coordination, balance, and rhythm improve
May become awkward as bodies growing faster than able to compensate
Fine motor in school age children
Hand usage improves
Eye Hand coordination and balance improve
Can write, print words, sew, and build models
Takes pride in activities requiring dexterity and fine motor skills, such as playing musical instruments
Name signs of vision problems in school age children
Eye rubbing, squinting
Avoiding reading
Frequent Headaches
Holding reading materials close
Problems with depth perception or hand eye coordination
Sports related eye injuries and eye protection are important in this age group
Term known as ‘‘Lazy eye’’
Amblyopia
-When one eye can focus better than the other
Causes of Amblyopia
-Uncorrected refractive errors or other eye defects in one eye( near sighted, far sighted, or astigmatism)
- Malalignment of the eye muscles ( strabismus)
- Deprivation due to contact formation in one eye ( rare)
School age children vocabulary expands to …
8k to 14k words
Language and communication skills of school age children
Culturally specific words are used
Reading efficiency is improves language skills
More complex grammatical forms are used
development of metalinguistic awareness occurs
Metaphors are beginning to be understood
Name emotional and social developmental issues in school age children
Temperament
Self esteem development
Body image
School Age Fears
Peer relationships
Teacher ad school influences
Family influences
6 years of age characteristics
Self centered
Sensitive to criticism
Begins losing temp. teeth
Tie Knots
Develops concepts with numbers
Takes bath without supervision
7 years of age characteristics
Temporal perception improving
Increased self reliance for basic activities
Team games/ sports
Develops concept of time
Boys prefers playing with boys, girls prefer girls
8 years of age characteristics
Friends sought out actively
Eye development generally complete
Movements more graceful
Helps with household chores
9 years of age characteristics
Skillful manual work possible
Conflicts between adults and peers
Better behaved
Conflict between needs for independence and dependence
Likes school
10 - 12 years years of age characteristics
Remainder of teeth erupt( except wisdom)
Uses telephone
Responds to advertising
Increasingly responsible
More selective when choosing friends
Develops beginning interest of opposite sex
Loves conversation
Raises pets
Age Appropriate Toys, games, and activities for school age children
Construction toys, use of tools, household serving tools, table game sports, participation in repair, building, and mechanical activities, household chores
-Children begin to compare themselves with their peers
- Develop sense of pride and accomplishment in school, sports, social activities, and family life or they feel inferior and inadequate because they do not measure up
-If children do not learn to get along with others or have negative experiences at home or with peers, an inferiority complex may develop into adolescence and adulthood
Erikson : Industry vs Inferiority (6-12 years)
Piaget Concrete Operational Stage ( 7- 11 years)
Children become able to represent ideas and events more flexibly and logically
They can solve problems more systemically, operate on concrete objects and events, and can focus on more than one feature problem at a time
Benefits of physical activity
CV fitness
Weight control
Emotional tension release
Development of leadership and social skills
Safety issues for School- Age Child
Car Safety
Pedestrian Safety
Bicycle and sport safety
Fire Safety
Water Safety
Abuse in Children
Assessing Nutrition in School Age Child
-Check height and weight compared to previous measurements, assess BMI for age
-Nutrition history including 24 hr. recall of what was consumed
-Inquire about family meals and social aspects of eating including who prepares the meals
-Solicit from both parent and child
Identify any knowledge gaps relating to nutrition
Nutritional Needs
-Needs vary based on age, gender, and activity level
-Needed calories decrease while appetite increases
- Increased body fat occurs earlier in girls than boys
- Diet preference established in preschool years persist
In preparation for adolescence, the body composition .
Fat increases
Nutritional Needs of the Average Sized School Age Child
-Children need 25 g Fiber for 4-8 years old
-26- 31 g fiber for 9-13 years
-Moderate to vigorous exercise for 60 min per day
- Daily fruits and veggies
- Whole Grains; breads and cereals
- Non fat or low fat milk
Developmental Concerns
Television and video games - set limit on both
- School refusal
- Latchkey children and safety
- Stealing, lying, cheating, bullying ( whether preparator or victim)
- Fitting in with peers groups
- Tobacco and alcohol education
Promoting Appropriate Discipline
-Children learn the natural and logical consequences of discipline
- Parents should teach children rules established by family, values, and social rules of conduct.
- Discipline should be consistent, applied fairly and focus on the development of the child
- Positive acknowledgement of positive behaviors are more likely to encourage those positive behaviors and promote development
Factors Determining Type and Amount of Discipline
-Development level of both child and parent
-Severity of misbehavior
-Established rules of the family
-Temperament of the Child
-Response of the child to rewards
How many hours of sleep do school age children need?
-10- 12 hours
- Should have predictable bedtime expectations and wake up times
- Children may need help in winding down to promote sleep
- Night terrors and sleep walking may occur but should resolve by 8- 10 years
Name some cultural influences on Growth and development
Habits
Beliefs
Language
Religious Customs
Values( Family vs Peers)
