Week 1 Chapter 29 Flashcards by Steven Singh

Growth and Development of Adolescent

-Rapid growth in body size and proportions second only to growth in infancy
- Sexual Characteristics and reproductive maturity may occur
- Puberty begins in girls around 9-10 years, boys 10-11 years
-Cognitive and Emotional development are dramatic
- Adolescents represent varying levels of identity formation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physiologic Changes in Adolescence

-Secretion of estrogen in GIRLS
-Secretion of testosterone in BOYS
- Physical Development, hormonal changes, and sexual maturation occur during in puberty
- Peak height velocity occurs at age 12 years in girls and 14 years for boys
- Muscle mass increase in boys and fat deposits increase in girls

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Voice deepens drastically in

Males

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Other Physical Changes in Adolescences

-Limbs elongate (Leggy)
-Growth plates at end of the bones begin to close
- Apocrine glands activate in axilla and genital areas
- Skin changes related to increased sebaceous gland secretions may led to acne
- Increase in body hair
- Hips widen in females, shoulders widen in males

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neurological System for Adolescence

-Growth of myelin sheath enables faster neural processing, cognitive growth increases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Respiratory System for Adolescence

-Increase in diameter and length of the lungs, respiratory volume and vital capacity increase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CV system for Adolescence

Size and strength of heart increase
Systolic and HR decreases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GI system for Adolescence

Full set of permanent teeth
Liver, spleen, kidneys, and digestive tract enlarge

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Integumentary System in Adolescence

Skin is thick and tough, sebaceous glands are more active
- Sweat glands function at adult levels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Musculoskeletal System in Adolescence

Linear growth not complete
- Later for boys and earlier for girls
- Growth plates( Promote linear growth) begin to close
- Adult height obtained when growth plates have closed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physical changes related to puberty 10-13 years female

Soft pubic hair on mons
Breast buds appear
Menses begins
Increased pigmentation on gentile area

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physical changes related to puberty 10-13 years male

Pubic hair begins and spreads laterally
Scrotum and testes enlarge
Scrotum begins to darken

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physical changes related to puberty 14-16 years female

Coarser pubic hair
Broader distribution of pubic hair beyond mons
Areola more prominent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physical changes related to puberty 14-16 years male

Coarser pubic hair
Scrotum and testes growth
penis widens and glans penis develops
may see breast development
soft facial hair

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physical changes related to puberty 17-20 years female

Adult like pubic hair and breasts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physical changes related to puberty 17-20 years male

Adult like pubic hair, scrotum, testes and penis, breast tissue disappears, facial hair more coarse and widespread

Scale for degree of pubertal development stages 1-5

Tanner Staging

For girls use what for Tanner stagging

Breast Development
Pubic Hair distribution

For boys use what for Tanner stagging

Pubic Hair
Scrotum Size
Penis Length

Developing a sense of self “ Who am I?”
Focus is on body changes
Importance of peer culture become primary

Erikson Identity vs Role Confusion

Piaget for Adolescence Stage

Formal operational ages 12+
Moves toward greater abstract thinking and less egocentric

Able to reason

Name ways to improve communication with Teens

-Allow time for conversation
-Speak with respect
-Talk face to face
-Ask open ended questions to clarify and promote understanding
-Reflect on what you heard
-Choose words carefully
-Be honest
-Be liberal with praise
-Solicit teen input in decision making
-Clearly state expectations and set limits fairly

What is the influence of peers during adolescence?

-Play essential role in identity
-Provide opportunities to learn negotiation of differences
-Provide recreation, companionship, and someone to share problems with
- Create stability in times of stress
- Serve as credible sources of information and social reinforcement
- Can have positive and negative influences

Name safety concerns for adolescents

Unintentional injuries
Internet Safety
Motor vehicle safety
Avoiding substance abuse
Firearm safety
Water safety

Name factors influencing Adolescent's Diet

-Peer Pressure; growing wish for independence from family in food choices - Low cost and easy access foods - Family culture relating to food and mealtime rituals - Lack of time/ opportunities - Growing wish for independence

Nutritional Assessment for an Adolescent

Assess what the adolescent eats each day and they access of types of food Inquire about preferences from the different food groups Ask about number times of fast food and other low nutritional snacks Ask Teen about food favorites Help teen identify healthy fast food choices

Provide education to teen regarding nutritional value of foods Provide resources about nutrition Emphasize the role of physical activity - 60 min per day

Nutritional Assessment for Adolescents

Sexual Health in Adolescents

-Sexual interest is part of human development -Teens learn new feelings and manage them appropriately - Conversations about sexual activity and health should be ongoing and built upon candor and trust - Parents may need support in these conversations - Navigating romantic relationships is important developmental tasks for adolescents - Sexual active teens must have access to contraceptives

What are some risks in being involved in a unhealthy relationship?

Imbalance of power Unsafe sexual activity Unwanted pregnancy Dating Violence

Name Areas to focus to encourage Growth and Development

Sports and physical fitness Learning and participation in school activities Safety issues Proper nutrition and healthy eating habits Healthy sleep and adequate rest Personal Care Healthy Sexual Life Appropriate Discipline Mental health resources

Promoting proper hygiene

Encourage frequent bathing Washing face 2x-3x per day Discourage squeezing acne or hard scrubbing Encourage frequent shampooing of hair Teach hygienic care for body piercings and tattoos Encourage sunscreen use

Caring for hospitalized adolescent

Provide opportunities for independence Encourage to participate in decisions Encourage socialization with friends with phone calls or visits Identify knowledge of self care deficits and provide resources Importance of meeting other teens who are receiving similar treatments

Name developmental concerns

Changes in body image Peer groups Violence Suicide Homicide Substance abuse

Name factors that contribute to Adolescent Violence

Low self esteem History of victimization Peer or gang pressure Poor family functioning Limited parenteral supervision Access to guns and cars Drug or alcohol use Less optimal housing situation Lower socioeconomic class Racism Aggression

Risk Factors for Suicide in Adolescents

Depression or other mental illness Personal or family Hx Poor school performance Disorganized family Substance Abuse Difficulties with sexual identity Socially isolated Marked changes in behavior Incarceration

Common Substances abused by children

Marijuana Alcohol Vaping Opioids Bath Salts Cocaine Heroin

Topics to discuss to discourage Substance Abuse

Short and long term effects Risk factors and unintentional injuries How and why chemical dependency Impact of substance abuse on society Importance of healthy lifestyle Resisting Peer Pressure Importance of having confidence in teen's judgement