Week 1 Chapter 29

Question 1

Growth and Development of Adolescent

Answer 1

-Rapid growth in body size and proportions second only to growth in infancy
- Sexual Characteristics and reproductive maturity may occur
- Puberty begins in girls around 9-10 years, boys 10-11 years
-Cognitive and Emotional development are dramatic
- Adolescents represent varying levels of identity formation

Question 2

Physiologic Changes in Adolescence

Answer 2

-Secretion of estrogen in GIRLS
-Secretion of testosterone in BOYS
- Physical Development, hormonal changes, and sexual maturation occur during in puberty
- Peak height velocity occurs at age 12 years in girls and 14 years for boys
- Muscle mass increase in boys and fat deposits increase in girls

Question 3

Voice deepens drastically in

Answer 3

Males

Question 4

Other Physical Changes in Adolescences

Answer 4

-Limbs elongate (Leggy)
-Growth plates at end of the bones begin to close
- Apocrine glands activate in axilla and genital areas
- Skin changes related to increased sebaceous gland secretions may led to acne
- Increase in body hair
- Hips widen in females, shoulders widen in males

Question 5

Neurological System for Adolescence

Answer 5

-Growth of myelin sheath enables faster neural processing, cognitive growth increases

Question 6

Respiratory System for Adolescence

Answer 6

-Increase in diameter and length of the lungs, respiratory volume and vital capacity increase

Question 7

CV system for Adolescence

Answer 7

Size and strength of heart increase
Systolic and HR decreases

Question 8

GI system for Adolescence

Answer 8

Full set of permanent teeth
Liver, spleen, kidneys, and digestive tract enlarge

Question 9

Integumentary System in Adolescence

Answer 9

Skin is thick and tough, sebaceous glands are more active
- Sweat glands function at adult levels

Question 10

Musculoskeletal System in Adolescence

Answer 10

Linear growth not complete
- Later for boys and earlier for girls
- Growth plates( Promote linear growth) begin to close
- Adult height obtained when growth plates have closed

Question 11

Physical changes related to puberty 10-13 years female

Answer 11

Soft pubic hair on mons
Breast buds appear
Menses begins
Increased pigmentation on gentile area

Question 12

Physical changes related to puberty 10-13 years male

Answer 12

Pubic hair begins and spreads laterally
Scrotum and testes enlarge
Scrotum begins to darken

Question 13

Physical changes related to puberty 14-16 years female

Answer 13

Coarser pubic hair
Broader distribution of pubic hair beyond mons
Areola more prominent

Question 14

Physical changes related to puberty 14-16 years male

Answer 14

Coarser pubic hair
Scrotum and testes growth
penis widens and glans penis develops
may see breast development
soft facial hair

Question 15

Physical changes related to puberty 17-20 years female

Answer 15

Adult like pubic hair and breasts

Question 16

Physical changes related to puberty 17-20 years male

Answer 16

Adult like pubic hair, scrotum, testes and penis, breast tissue disappears, facial hair more coarse and widespread

Question 17

Scale for degree of pubertal development stages 1-5

Answer 17

Tanner Staging

Question 18

For girls use what for Tanner stagging

Answer 18

Breast Development
Pubic Hair distribution

Question 19

For boys use what for Tanner stagging

Answer 19

Pubic Hair
Scrotum Size
Penis Length

Question 20

Developing a sense of self “ Who am I?”
Focus is on body changes
Importance of peer culture become primary

Answer 20

Erikson Identity vs Role Confusion

Question 21

Piaget for Adolescence Stage

Answer 21

Formal operational ages 12+
Moves toward greater abstract thinking and less egocentric

Able to reason

Question 22

Name ways to improve communication with Teens

Answer 22

-Allow time for conversation
-Speak with respect
-Talk face to face
-Ask open ended questions to clarify and promote understanding
-Reflect on what you heard
-Choose words carefully
-Be honest
-Be liberal with praise
-Solicit teen input in decision making
-Clearly state expectations and set limits fairly

Question 23

What is the influence of peers during adolescence?

Answer 23

-Play essential role in identity
-Provide opportunities to learn negotiation of differences
-Provide recreation, companionship, and someone to share problems with
- Create stability in times of stress
- Serve as credible sources of information and social reinforcement
- Can have positive and negative influences

Question 24

Name safety concerns for adolescents

Answer 24

Unintentional injuries
Internet Safety
Motor vehicle safety
Avoiding substance abuse
Firearm safety
Water safety

Question 25

Name factors influencing Adolescent’s Diet

Answer 25

-Peer Pressure; growing wish for independence from family in food choices
- Low cost and easy access foods
- Family culture relating to food and mealtime rituals
- Lack of time/ opportunities
- Growing wish for independence

Question 26

Nutritional Assessment for an Adolescent

Answer 26

Assess what the adolescent eats each day and they access of types of food
Inquire about preferences from the different food groups
Ask about number times of fast food and other low nutritional snacks
Ask Teen about food favorites
Help teen identify healthy fast food choices

Question 27

Provide education to teen regarding nutritional value of foods
Provide resources about nutrition
Emphasize the role of physical activity - 60 min per day

Answer 27

Nutritional Assessment for Adolescents

Question 28

Sexual Health in Adolescents

Answer 28

-Sexual interest is part of human development
-Teens learn new feelings and manage them appropriately
- Conversations about sexual activity and health should be ongoing and built upon candor and trust
- Parents may need support in these conversations
- Navigating romantic relationships is important developmental tasks for adolescents
- Sexual active teens must have access to contraceptives

Question 29

What are some risks in being involved in a unhealthy relationship?

Answer 29

Imbalance of power
Unsafe sexual activity
Unwanted pregnancy
Dating Violence

Question 30

Name Areas to focus to encourage Growth and Development

Answer 30

Sports and physical fitness
Learning and participation in school activities
Safety issues
Proper nutrition and healthy eating habits
Healthy sleep and adequate rest
Personal Care
Healthy Sexual Life
Appropriate Discipline
Mental health resources

Question 31

Promoting proper hygiene

Answer 31

Encourage frequent bathing
Washing face 2x-3x per day
Discourage squeezing acne or hard scrubbing
Encourage frequent shampooing of hair
Teach hygienic care for body piercings and tattoos
Encourage sunscreen use

Question 32

Caring for hospitalized adolescent

Answer 32

Provide opportunities for independence
Encourage to participate in decisions
Encourage socialization with friends with phone calls or visits
Identify knowledge of self care deficits and provide resources
Importance of meeting other teens who are receiving similar treatments

Question 33

Name developmental concerns

Answer 33

Changes in body image
Peer groups
Violence
Suicide
Homicide
Substance abuse

Question 34

Name factors that contribute to Adolescent Violence

Answer 34

Low self esteem
History of victimization
Peer or gang pressure
Poor family functioning
Limited parenteral supervision
Access to guns and cars
Drug or alcohol use
Less optimal housing situation
Lower socioeconomic class
Racism
Aggression

Question 35

Risk Factors for Suicide in Adolescents

Answer 35

Depression or other mental illness
Personal or family Hx
Poor school performance
Disorganized family
Substance Abuse
Difficulties with sexual identity
Socially isolated
Marked changes in behavior
Incarceration

Question 36

Common Substances abused by children

Answer 36

Marijuana
Alcohol
Vaping
Opioids
Bath Salts
Cocaine
Heroin

Question 37

Topics to discuss to discourage Substance Abuse

Answer 37

Short and long term effects
Risk factors and unintentional injuries
How and why chemical dependency
Impact of substance abuse on society
Importance of healthy lifestyle
Resisting Peer Pressure
Importance of having confidence in teen’s judgement