week 5 part 1 Flashcards
compact bone
-dense, outer region
-allows bone to resist bending and torsion
spongy bone
-deep to compact bone
- allows bone to resist force in many direction
yellow marrow
found in long bones of adults
-adipose tissue
red marrow
site of hematopoiesis
- cranium, verbral body, ribs , sternum
classification on fracture
complete or incomplete
open or closed
number of fracture lines
the direction of fracture lines
simple fracture
Single break, the bone ends maintain alignment and position
comminuted fracture
multiple fracture lines and bones fragments
compression fracture
bone is crushed into smaller pieces and collapse
impacted fracture
one end force into the other at the location of the break
stress fracture
repeated excessive stress
pathologic
weakness in bones structure due to other condition
healing phase
- inflammatory phase (edema)
- reparative phase (granulation tissue)
3 remodeling
hematoma formation
- bone
- bleeding from the blood vessels on bone
- clot forms in the medullary cavity, under the periosteum and between bone fragments
- hematoma
inflammatory response & granulation tissue
- bone necrosis because of halted nutrients delivery
- inflammatory response due to cell damage and presence of debris at the site
- growth of granulation tissue within the fibrin network
- new capillaries form phagocytes remove debris & fibroblasts migrate
Procallus (Fibrocartilage) formation
Fibroblasts & Chondroblasts lay down new
collagen to produce cartilage matrix
bony callus
- osteoblasts generate new bone to fill in gap
- procallus is replaced by bone
3.During the following months, repaired bone is remodeled by osteoblast and osteoclast activity in response to mechanical stresses on the bone. Excessive callus removed and more compact bone laid down
fracture complication
-Broken ends of bone can damage surrounding structures
-Compartment Syndrome
- Fractures of long bones
long term complication
Healing Abnormalities
* Malunion
* Delayed Union
* Nonunion
Mobility Complications
* Joint stiffness
* Instability
* Contractures (muscular) Limited ROM
Side-effects of long term immobilization
* Pressure injury
* Deep Vein Thrombosis (blood clots)
Osteoporosis
Critically low bone mass and density with loss of bony
matrix & mineralization
* Cortical bone becomes porous and thin
* Trabecular bone loss and thinning
Osteoporosis – Etiology
Two forms:
* Primary: post-menopausal, age-related
* Secondary: due to another disorder or issue
* Diseases associated with bone loss
* Prolonged use of certain drugs e.g. glucocorticoids
* Immobility
osteoporosis sign/symptoms
- back pain from compression fractures of vertebrae
- abnormal curvatures od the spine with loss of height
treatment of osteoporosis
- dietary supplements
-pharmaceuticals
