week 2 part 2 Flashcards
what is edema
excess fluid in the interstitial compartment
can be isotonic hypotonic or hypertomic
what is a possible consequence of edema
- swelling within the tissue
-functional impairment
-pain
-impaired circulation
how does high blood pressure cause edema
- increased hydrostatic pressure
- increased net fluid movement into interstitial space
plasma protein loss
decreased osmotic pressure in the blood
- increase net fluid movement into interstitial space
obstruction of lymphatic vessels
- fluid and protein not filtered into lymphatic drainage for return to circulation
- localized edema
increased capillary permeability
the excess flow of fluid and protein into interstitial fluid protein movement also increases interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
signs and symptoms of dehydration
decreased BP increased HR
- increased blood osmolarity
-thirst
isotonic dehydration
water and electrolyte loss
hypotonic dehydration
more electrolytes lost than water
hypertonic dehydration
more water lost than electrolytes
3 mechanisms for acid-base balance
- buffer system in the blood
2.respiratory system- regulation of CO2 levels in the blood - kidneys - variable excretion/ reabsorption of H and HCO3
Na hyponatremia
- losing more na than water
ex sweating
effect - fluid imbalance, nausea, vomiting
Na hypernatremia
gaining more Na than water
ex water loss(vomiting or diarrhea)
effect
- fluid imblance
- dehydration
K hyokalemia
- excess k loss
effect - cardia arrhythmia
hperkalemia
-K built up in the extracellular fluid or more k exits the cell
effect
-cardia arrhythmia and muscle fatigue
