week 3 part 1 Flashcards
Somatic pain
within the skin or deeper(bones or muscle) - somatosensory nerves detect the pain stimulus
Visceral pain:
within or around the organs- sympathetic nervous system fibers detect the pain stimulus
Nociceptive
cut and dry pain - sensory neuron to SC to brain(awareness and interpretation)(protective)
Inflammatory
due to infection tissue injury to immune system to proinflammatory indicators (protective)
Pathological
Not due to damaging stimulus
Often outcome of peripheral nerve damage
*Nerves fire spontaneously pain sensation in the absence of a stimulus
*CNS relays pain messages to other parts of the brain
*E.g. after Spinal Cord Injury Neuropathic pain independent of inputs
Pain threshold
the level of stimulation needed to activate the pain pathway and achieve a perceivable signal to the brain
Pain tolerance
the ability to withstand pain/ perception of its intensity and time –genetics – fatigue, stress, chronic depression —endophron release
Pain perception & response
*Affected by age, culture, family traditions, prior experience, fear or anxiety about it, personality, stress, fatigue
Pain pathways
Pain receptors - Nociceptors (free nerve endings)
*sense extreme thermal, chemical, mechanical
Stimuli
. A delta fibers
(large, myelinated)
- low threshold pain (mechanical and
thermal) receptors
C fibers
(small, unmyelinated) (more common, carry info more slowly, harder to localize and allows for a less sharp pain)
- high threshold thermo-, mechano-, and
chemo- receptors (throbbing or burning
pain)
Referred pain
Perceived at a site distant from the source
Usually due to visceral pain
Its to do what sensory neuron are coming into the spinal cord at the time
The skin has more sensory receptors so pain is more sharp and located on the skin
Treatment is to reduce tolerance to any pain
Safe movement and exercise
Evidence that exercise helps desensitize nervous systems
Exercise is anti inflammatory
Helps to visualize movement first
Find enjoyable exercise
3 types of pain
-nociceptive
-inflammatory
-pathological
2 components of pain
- sensory
- affective and cognitive
open gate steps
- pain stimulus
2.substance P released synapse
3.pain stimulus to brain
4.RAS alert
5.Pain perceived
Closed gate
- pain stimulus
- interneurons activated by efferent of afferent
3.interneurons releases - opiate receptors blocked by enkephalin
5.substance P not release - cate closed transmission blocked on afferent tract
acute pain
-fast and localized
-due to injury
-pathways is A delta myelinated fibers
- short term
-stress response increased pulse and blood pressure
-anxiety occurs
- treatment os identified treatment is effective
chronic pain
-slow diffuse
-existing and chemical
- slow and unmyelinated C fibers
- long term
- loss of hope (depression and anger)
-difficult to treat
4 ps
prevention
psychological
physical
pharmaceutical
