week 12 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

spinal cord injury

A

obstructs the transmission of neural messages through the spinal cord (loss of somatic and automatic control of the trunk, limds and viscera below the site of the injury

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2
Q

primary injury of SCI

A
  1. sudden trauma to the spine
    2.acute spinal cord compression, shear stress
  2. acute impact to neurons,glial cells and neural parenchyma
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3
Q

Secondary injury

A

-involves a cascade of biochemical/ metabolic and mechanical changes within the neural tissue
- secondary injury is a consequence of these downstream effects

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4
Q

autonomic dysreflex

A
  • the uncontrolled outflow of SNS activity due to a stimulus below the SCI
  • result in life-threatening sudden hypertension followed by a reflex bradycardia
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5
Q

SCI consideration for exercise

A

adat exercise based on the ability
- the importance of maintaining/ building strength and maintaining
- consider autonomic limitation that may impact exercise capacity
- consider medication that may impact exercise

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6
Q

multiple sclerosis

A
  • an inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects the conduction of neural impulse
  • a chronic degenerative disease
  • demyelination of the neuron within the CNS
  • Brain, Spinal Cord & Cranial Nerves
  • Affects all types: motor, sensory, autonomic
  • Diffuse patches of demyelination
    throughout the CNS
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7
Q

MS symptoms

A

this demyelination can occur anywhere in patches within the CNS
- symptoms depend on location, the severity of myelination
characterized by exacerbation and remissions

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8
Q

MS treatment

A

-disease-modifying drugs minimize frequency of exacerbation, slow progression
-pharmaceuticals to treat the complications
-physio and exercise to maintain strength and mobility
-OT

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9
Q

MS diagnosis

A

no defintive test but MRI can have useful info

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10
Q

Altered physiological responses to exercise in MS

A
  • Increased Submax VO2 during treadmill walking
  • Attenuated Systolic BP during exercise
  • Increased body temp
  • Earlier skeletal muscle fatigue
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11
Q

Considerations for exercise prescription

A
  • Prescribe within physical limitations
  • Consider use of supportive equipment e.g. arm poles for walking
  • Variable strength from week to week
  • Importance of stretching
  • Resist heat stress
  • Generally avoid exercise during an exacerbation
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12
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A
  • a disease of synaptic transmission where dopamine release is reduced
    -progressive and degenerative
  • unknown etiology but thought to be a combo of environmental and genetic factors
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13
Q

what is triggers secondary injury

A

it is triggered by the primary injury due to the acute inflammation

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14
Q

acute phase

A
  • Hemorrhage, inflammation & edema result in local ischemia
  • Neural toxicity induces cellular damage
  • Demyelination & cell death begins
    spinal shock due to the trauma that had occur in the area gets in the way to determine if it can return or not
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15
Q

sub-acute phase

A

-Further neurotoxicity, inflammation, cell death, scar tissue formation
* Any undamaged tracts begin to resume function (incomplete injury)
* Axonal regrowth and sprouting begins if possible

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16
Q

chronic phase

A

-continued cell death and scar tissue formation
-cyst development
-axonal degeneration and degeneration and demyelination
-continued regrowth and sprouting if possible

17
Q

MS pathophysiology

A
  1. unknown trigger
  2. activated t cells cross the blood-brain barrier
  3. secrete cytokines
  4. more immune cells recruited
  5. attack oligodendrocytes
  6. myelin is damaged and breaks down
  7. plague formation
  8. scar tissue formation and axonal destruction