week 1 part 2

Question 1

Drug Terminology

Answer 1

• Chemical name based on its chemical structure. Used in scientific studies.
• N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP)
• Generic name. Usually the shortened chemical name. Used by health
  professionals.
• Acetaminophen
• Brand / Trade names. Given by pharmaceutical companies.
• Tylenol

Question 2

Drug ‘Dose’

Answer 2

Dose is combined with inactive substances that help fill out the medication, make it more convenient to use and improve its effectiveness at getting to its target in the body

Question 3

Pharmaceutical Phase (enteral)

Answer 3

Oral
* Sublingual
* Rectal

Question 4

Pharmaceutical Phase (parenteral)

Answer 4

• Injections:
• Intravenous (IV)
• Subcutaneous (SubQ)
• Intramuscular (IM)
• Inhalation
• Lungs
• Nasal
• Transdermal

Question 5

Absorption

Answer 5

Passive diffusion vs active transport vs Pinocytosis
* Factors that affect absorption:
* Administration route
 IV most effective
 Intramuscular vs Subcutaneous
 Oral: GI contents, drug coating
* Blood supply
* Oral: drug must go through ‘first-pass
metabolism’

Question 6

Distribution

Answer 6

Factors that affect distribution:
* Concentration absorbed
* Blood flow to tissue
* % Drug bound to plasma protein

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

• Primarily in the liver
• Inactivation by enzymes
• Preparation for excretion
• Determines the half life of a drug

Question 8

Elimination

Answer 8

• Primarily by the kidneys
• Also via bile, feces, saliva, sweat, respiration

Question 9

Pharmacodynamic Phase (Primary effect:)

Answer 9

Therapeutic effect

Question 10

Pharmacodynamic Phase (secondary effect:)

Answer 10

side effect

Question 11

Drug Potency

Answer 11

the strength of a drug at a particular dose (the concentration
needed to produce 50% of maximum effect)
* Reflects the binding affinity of a drug for its receptor

Question 12

Drug Efficacy:

Answer 12

the maximum effect that can be achieved by a drug
* Reflects the affect of the drug on the receptor once it’s bound