week 2 part 1

Question 1

mechanism of cell injury 3

Answer 1

1) Free Radical Formation
2) Hypoxia/Ischemia and ATP depletion
3) Disruption of Ca homeostasis

Question 2

steps of apoptosis

Answer 2

1. elimination of unwanted cells
2. cells shrink
3. nuclear fragmentation
   4.apoptotic bodies
4. phagocytosis of apoptotic

Question 3

necrosis steps

Answer 3

1. always pathological
2. cell enlargement
3. loos of membrane integrity
   4.leakage of content
4. inflation
5. nuclear degeneration

Question 4

features of necrosis

Answer 4

Injury or disease lead to cell death

Question 5

features of apoptosis

Answer 5

• Programmed
• Self-Destruction by enzymatic digestion
• Debris engulfed by phagocytes

Question 6

body weight is made up of

Answer 6

60% fluid (water)

Question 7

2/3 fluid

Answer 7

inside the cells (Intracellular Fluid)

Question 8

1/3 fluid

Answer 8

outside the cells (Extracellular Fluid = Interstitial Fluid + Blood Plasma)

Question 9

higher [solute]

Answer 9

in the blood plasma because there is protein in the blood plasma

Question 10

how do electrolytes balance

Answer 10

• Electrolytes are kept at specific concentrations inside and outside cells
• This maintenance of homeostasis (rather than equilibrium) is essential for normal cell
  function