Week 5 - Metabolism Flashcards
What is metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the dynamic state of a cell organism
What is a pathway
A series of biochemical reactions
What is catabolism
The biochemical pathways that are involved in generating energy by breaking down large nutrient molecules into smaller molecules with the concurrent production of E
What are the 3 stages of catabolism
- Hydrolysis of complex molecules to their component building blocks
- Conversion of building blacks to acetyl CoA (or other simple intermediates)
- Oxidation of acetyl CoA; oxidative phosphorylation
What is anabolism
The pathways by which biomolecules are synthesized
What is the equation for metabolism
catabolism + anabolism = metabolism
What are the different locations where metabolic reactions occur
- cell (plasma) membrane
- Cytosol (solution outside of organelles)
- mitochondrion
What energy production occurs in the cell membrane
- hormone recognition (adrenaline)
- nutrient/metabolite transport
What energy production occurs in the cytosol
- glycolysis
- pentose phosphate path
- lipid synthesis
What energy production occurs in the mitochondrion
- fatty acid oxidation
TCA cycle
electron transport - oxid phosphorylation
How is ATP a common currency for the storage and transfer of energy
The hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate of ATP to produce ADP releases energy - as the phosphoanhydride bond is a high energy bond
(Notes: the hydrolysis of a phosphoanhydride bond liberates more energy than hydrolysis of a phosphoester bond)
What is the function of ATP
Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP requires energy
When the high energy bond in ATP is cleaved the energy released is used to drive other reactions that are coupled to it
Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP releases energy
What are the key molecules in metabolism
- NAD+/NADH - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NADP+/NADPH - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- FAD/FADH2 - Flavin adenine dinucleotide
- CoA/ Acetyl-CoA - coenzyme A
- G-6-P Glucose-6-phosphate
What is NAD+/NADH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NAD+ = 2 electron oxidizing agent (this is reduced)
NADH = 2 electron reducing agent (gets oxidized)
Used tocapture energy and give it back in different reactions e.g. glyclosysis, electron transport system, TCA
What is the structure of NAD+
*need to be able to recognize the components of the molecule