Cell Structure

Question 1

What are the main components of a cell

Answer 1

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, membrane

Question 2

What is the cell membrane

Answer 2

Semipermeable phospholipid bilayer containing embedded proteins. Serves as an external cell barrier and controls the transportation of particles in a out of the cell

Question 3

Function of the Mitochondrion

Answer 3

Site of ATP synthesis throguh cellular respiration
- has an outer lipid bilayer and inner lipid bilayer membrane

Question 4

What is the chromatin

Answer 4

Found inside the nucleus (not nucleolus) and is a mixture of DNA and proteins that form chromosomes

Question 5

What is the golgi apparatus

Answer 5

“Traffic director” for cellular proteins. It packages, modifies and tags/segregates proteins for secretion from the cell inclusion in lysosomes and incorporation into the plasma membrane. Modifies carbohydrates on proteins

Question 6

What are lysosomes

Answer 6

Cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes which break down excess or worn out cell parts and can destroy invading viruses and bacteria

Question 7

What are microfilaments

Answer 7

Apart of the cell cytoskeleton. Rod like fibres (actin) which maintains the cell shape and structure, plays a role in positioning the organelles

Question 8

What is the nuclear membrane

Answer 8

Separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and regulates passage of substance to and from the nucleus

Question 9

What is the nucleolus

Answer 9

Site which produces ribosomes(inside contains RNA and proteins)

Question 10

What are ribosomes

Answer 10

In rough ER - produces protein which is exported out of the cell In cytoplasm - produce soluble proteins that function in the cytosol

Question 11

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Where sugar groups are attached to proteins and the proteins are transported in vesicles to the golgi apparatus and other sites

Question 12

What are secretory vesicles

Answer 12

Transport capsule for content to outside of cell e.g. proteins from the golgi

Question 13

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Lipid and steroid synthesis (e.g. cholesterol).

Question 14

What is cytosol

Answer 14

fluid present in the cell and is a constituent of the cytoplasm (the cytoplasm is everything inside the cell membrane)

Question 15

Answer 15

Nucleolus

Question 16

Answer 16

Nucleus membrane

Question 17

Answer 17

Nucleus

Question 18

Answer 18

Mitochondria

Question 19

Answer 19

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

Answer 20

Cell membrane

Question 21

Answer 21

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

Answer 22

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

Answer 23

Lysosomes

Question 24

Answer 24

Cytoplasm

Question 25

How are proteins created

Answer 25

1. Protein is synthesised by a ribosome attached to the rough ER
2. carbohydrates are attached to the protein in the cisterns of the rough ER turning it in a glycoprotein (optional step)
3. Protein is incorporated into a vesicle that migrates to the cis face of the golgi apparatus
4. It’s carbohydrate may be modified or added to within the Golgi
5. Exists from the trans face of the golgi in a vesciel that migrates to and fuses with the plasma membrane
6. This membrane fusion results in the carbohydrate of the glycoprotein facing the outer surface of the plasma membrane