Week 12 - Pharmacology: Intro to Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
What is a drug
A chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect
What are examples of drugs
Penicillin, Aspirin, Caffeine, St John’s wort, Flavonoids (green tea)
What is pharmacodynamics
the study of what the drugs does to the body
What are drug targets
Any binding site that interacts with a drug
Drug molecules have to interact with the target to have an effect
What do dose response curves show the relationship between
drug concentration and pharmacological response. (how much drug is required to produce the desired effect)
What is the threshold in a dose response curve
the concentration where effects start to occur
What is EC50 in a dose response curve
the concentration where half of the maximum effect occurs
What is the maximum effect on a dose response curve
the concentration where the full response occurs
What is efficacy
- the maximum effect that can be produced once binding has occurred. The higher
- The higher the maximum effect of the drug the higher the efficacy of the drug
What is potency
- The amount of drug needed to provide clinical effect
- If a small amount is required then the drug has a high potency (ideal)
- If a large amount is required then the drug has low potency
- Potency is influenced by both efficacy and affinity
What is affinity
- The amount of binding to receptor the drug does
- High affinity means that the drug is binding to more receptors at lower concentrations
- Low affinity means that the drug is binding less and or dissociates more easily from receptors
What type of drugs are receptor binding
- agonist
- antagonist
What is an agonist
Agonist mimic the effect of the ligand (such as neurotransmitters, hormones or other signaling molecules) by binding to the same receptor and producing a similar effect.
It enhances the receptor effect
These can have high affinity and high efficacy
E.g. Type 2 diabetes drug (GLP-1) which mimics insulin receptor to lower blood sugar levels
What are the 2 types of agonist drugs
- full agonist
- partial
What is a full agonist
agonist drug which can achieve maximal response (high efficacy)