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DS1101 - S1 Y1 > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q
A

Subscapularis

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2
Q
A

Infraspinatus

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3
Q
A

teres minor

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4
Q
A

Teres major

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5
Q
A

Supraspinatus

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6
Q
A

Brachialis

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7
Q
A

Coracobrachialis

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8
Q
A

Triceps Brachii
left = long head
right = lateral head
Medial head is beneath

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9
Q
A

Biceps Brachii
lateral = long head
medial = short head

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10
Q
A

Pectoralis major

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11
Q
A

Deltoid

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12
Q

What’s the function of the supraspinatus

A
  • Abduction of the arm for the first 15 degrees
  • Stabilizes the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)
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13
Q

What’s the function of the infraspinatus

A
  • Lateral rotation of arm
  • stabilization of glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)
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14
Q

What’s the function of the teres minor

A
  • lateral rotation of arm
  • stabilization of glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)
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15
Q

What’s the function of the long head of triceps brachii

A
  • extension of the forearm at the elbow joint
  • adductor and extensor of the arm at glenohumeral joint
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16
Q

What’s the function of coracobrachialis

A
  • flexes the shoulder
  • adducts the arm
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17
Q

What’s the function of the biceps brachii

A
  • flexor of the forearm at elbow joint
  • supinator of the forearm
  • accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
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18
Q

What’s the function of the brachialis

A

Fexes the elbow

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19
Q
A

Subclavian artery

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20
Q
A

Axillary artery

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21
Q
A

Brachial Artery

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22
Q
A

Radial Artery

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23
Q
A

Ulnar Artery

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24
Q

What are the deep veins

A

The deep veins follows an artery - taking the same name
- Axillary vein
- Brachial vein
- Ulnar vein
- Radial vein

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25
Q
A

Radial Nerve

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26
Q
A

Median nerve

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27
Q
A

Ulnar nerve

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28
Q
A

Radial nerve

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29
Q
A

Axillary nerve

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30
Q
A

Radial nerve

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31
Q
A

Ulnar nerve

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32
Q
A

Musculocutaneous Nerve

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33
Q

What are the main nerves in the forearm

A

Axillary nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve

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34
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate

A

deltoid and teres minor muscle

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35
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate

A

biceps, most of the brachialis and coracobrachialis

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36
Q

What does the median nerve innervate

A

Innervates the pronator teres

majority of the muscles in the anterior forearm, and some in the wrist and hand
Its involved in flexing and pronating the forearm and wrist

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37
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate

A

3 triceps brachii and some of the hand

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38
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate

A

Provides motor supply to 2 muscles in the flexor compartment (flexor carpi ulnaris) and hypothenar muscles in the hand

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39
Q

What is the floor of the cubital fossa

A

Brachialis

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40
Q

What is the roof of the cubital fossa

A

Skin and superficial facia

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41
Q

What are the boarders of the cubital fossa

A

lateral = Brachioradialis Muscle
medial = Pronator teres muscle

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42
Q

What is the base of the cubital fossa

A

imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles

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43
Q

What are the main contents of the cubital fossa

A

Bicep brachii tendon
brachial artery
median nerve
median cubital vein (between cephalic vein and basilic vein)

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44
Q

What is the origin of the coracobrachialis

A

coracoid process

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45
Q

What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis

A

Humerus

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46
Q

What is the origin of the brachialis

A

Humerus

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47
Q

What is the insertion of the brachialis

A

coronoid process (ulna) and ulna tuberosity (ulna)

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48
Q

What is the origin of the long head triceps brachii

A

Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

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49
Q

What is the origin of the lateral and medial heads of the triceps brachii

A

Humerus

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50
Q

What is the insertion of the triceps brachii

A

olecranon (ulna)

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51
Q

What is the origin of the long head of the biceps brachii

A

supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

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52
Q

What is the origin of the short head of the biceps brachii

A

coracoid process (scapula)

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53
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps brachii

A

radial tuberosity (radius)

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54
Q

What is the origin of the deltoid

A

Spine of the scapula
acromion
clavicle

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55
Q

What is the insertion of the deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity (humerus)

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56
Q

What is the intertubercular groove

A

a groove that lies between the crests of the greater and lesser tubercles. This is where the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii travel

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57
Q

What is the intertubercular sulcus

A

the pit between the greater and lesser tubercles (humorous) where the tendon of pectoralis major, teres major and latissimus dorsi attach

58
Q

What is the origin of the teres major

A

inferior angle (scapula)

59
Q

What is the insertion of the teres major

A

intertubercular groove (humerus)

60
Q

What is the origin of supraspinatus

A

supraspinous fossa (scapula)

61
Q

What is the insertion of the supraspinatus

A

greater tubercle (humerus)

62
Q

What is the origin of the infraspinatus

A

infraspinous fossa (scapula)

63
Q

what is the insertion of the infraspinatus

A

greater tubercle (humerus)

64
Q

What is the origin of the teres minor

A

lateral border (scapula)

65
Q

What is the insertion of the teres minor

A

greater tubercle (humerus)

66
Q

What is the origin of the subscapularis

A

subscapular fossa (scapula)

67
Q

What is the insertion of the subscapularis

A

lesser tubercle (humerus)

68
Q

What is the main function of the deltoid

A

Abduction of the humerus

69
Q

What nerve passes around the posterior aspect of the upper part of the humerus (surgical neck)

A

Axillary nerve

70
Q

What nerve passes diagonally around the posterior surface of the middle of the humerus in the radial groove

A

Radial nerve

71
Q

What nerve pronates the forearm

A

median nerve

72
Q

What nerve is ultimately destined for the hand, and passes posteriorly to the medial epicondyle, on the medial side of the distal end of the humerus.

A

Ulnar nerve

73
Q

What nerve travels in between the medial and lateral heads of the triceps

A

Radial

74
Q

What is the funny bone

A

Medial epicondyle - ulnar nerve

75
Q

What are the superficial veins (4)

A

Axillary Vein
Cephalic Vein
Basilic Vein
Median Cubital Vein

76
Q

What’s the function of veins

A

To collect oxygen poor blood and return it to the heart.

77
Q

What is the Axilla

A

Anatomical region under the shoulder joint where the arm connects to the shoulder.
It contains important vascular, nervous, lymphatic and muscular structures

78
Q

What’s in the Axilla

A
  • Axillary artery
  • Axillary Vein
  • Brachial Plexus
  • Axillary lymph nodes
  • Head of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis
79
Q

What is the anterior wall of the axilla

A

Pectorales major and minor

80
Q

What is the posterior wall of the axilla

A

Subscapularis superiorly
and long head of triceps brachii
Teres major and latissimus dorsi inferiorly

81
Q

What is the medial wall of the axilla

A

Upper thoracic wall (first 4 ribs and intercostal muscle)
Serratus anterior muscle

82
Q

What is the lateral wall of the axilla

A

intertubercular sulcus

83
Q

What is the inlet of the axilla (roof)

A

lateral margin of rib 1
Clavicle
Superior margin of scapula to coracoid process

84
Q

What is the floor of the axilla

A

Skin of armpit
Open laterally into arm

85
Q

What is the brachial plexus

A

Group of nerves that stem from spinal nerves and forms the major nerves that innervate the arm

86
Q

What’s the naming convention for spinal nerves

A

C1-C7 exit vertebral canal superior to the vertebrae
C8 emerges inferior to C7 vertebra
All other nerves exist inferior to vertebra that they take their name from

87
Q

What are dermatomes

A

Area of skin innervated by a specific spinal nerve root.
These can be used to test for sensation to determine what nerve roots have been damaged

88
Q

What are myotomes

A

A group of muscles that are innervated by a single spinal nerve.
These can be used to test for movement to determine what nerve roots have been damaged

89
Q

What is Lymph

A

Colour-less fluid containing white blood cells which carries away waste products, excess fluid and pathogens from the tissues through the lymphatic system, into the blood stream

90
Q

What is lymphatic system

A

System of vessels, tissues and organs that work together to transport lymph through the body
Function:
- collect lymph
- filter lymph
- immunity

91
Q

What nerve pronates the forearm

A

Median nerve

92
Q

What muscle pronates the forearm

A

Pronator Teres(median boarder of the cubital fossa)

93
Q
A

cephalic vein

94
Q
A

median cubital vein

95
Q
A

Basilic vein

96
Q
A

Cephalic vein

97
Q
A

Axillary vein

98
Q
A

Circumduction

99
Q
A

adduction

100
Q
A

Extension

101
Q
A

Flexion

102
Q
A

Abduction

103
Q
A

Pronation

104
Q
A

Supination

105
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the lymphatics

A
  • collect lymph
  • filter lymph
  • for immunity (contains white blood cells)
106
Q

What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles

A
  • rotator cuff muscles
  • deltoid
    -teres major
107
Q

What vertebrae supplies the musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5 - C7

108
Q

What vertebrae supplies the median nerve

A

C6 to C8, T1

109
Q

What vertebrae supplies the radial nerve

A

C5 to C8, T1

110
Q

What vertebrae supplies the ulnar nerve

A

(C7 sometimes) , C8, T1

111
Q

What vertebrae supplies the nerves of the upper arm

A

C5 - C8, T1

112
Q

Where in the forearm does the radial nerve pass/travel

A

Radial nerve passes in between long and medial heads of triceps brachii
It also passes around the humerous’s radial groove
Passes down the radial groove on the back of the humorous

113
Q

Where in the forearm does the median nerve travel

A

enters the forearm between the 2 heads of pronator teres, separated from the ulnar artery by the ulnar head

114
Q

Where in the forearm does the musculocutaneous nerve travel

A

Musculocutaneous nerve pierces coracobrachialis (or may run behind it) then it descends laterally between biceps brachii and brachialis to the lateral side of the arm

115
Q

Where in the forearm does the ulnar nerve travel

A

descends anterior to the medial head of triceps to the interval between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon

116
Q

Where does the axillary artery begin

A

begins at the outer border of the first rib

117
Q

Where does the axillary artery end and become the brachial artery

A

ends normally at the inferior border of teres major

118
Q

What is the impact of a afferent lesion

A

either diminished or absence of nerves or muscle movement
- sensory loss
- damage/pressure - tingling, itching, pain

119
Q

What is the impact of efferent lesions

A

It impulses can’t reach muscles it results in paralysis
Loss of spinal reflexes
Muscle becomes flaccid and atrophies if no regeneration occurs

120
Q

What are the compartment of the arm divided by

A

skeletal muscles are grouped based on function together with their nerves and blood vessels

121
Q

What are the compartments of the arm

A
  • Flexor/anterior compartment muscles
  • Extensor/posterior compartment muscles
122
Q

What is apart of the flexor/anterior compartment of the arm

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • Brachioradialis
  • Coracobrachialis
    Nerves
  • median nerve
  • ulnar nerve
  • musculocutaneous nerve
  • radial nerve
123
Q

What is in the extensor/posterior compartment of the arm

A
  • triceps brachii
    nerve
  • radial nerve
124
Q

what separates the 2 compartments of the arm

A

interosseous membrane

125
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31 pairs

126
Q

What 2 muscles does the cephalic vein run in between

A

Deltoid and Pectoralis Major (runs on top of pectoralis major)

127
Q

what muscle does the axillary artery run under

A

pectoralis muscle

128
Q

What muscles are involved in pronation of the forearm

A

pronator teres

129
Q

What muscles are involved in the supination of the forearm

A

supinator and biceps brachii (short head)

130
Q

What are the wrist bones

A

carpals

131
Q

what are the bones of the palm

A

metacarpals

132
Q

what are the bones of the fingers

A

phalanges

133
Q

What comprised the pectoral girdles (shoulder girdles)

A

the anterior clavicles and the posterior scapulae

134
Q

What is the function of the pectoral girdles

A

they attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton in a manner that allows for maximum movement
They provide attachment points for muscles that move the upper limbs

135
Q

what is the name of the shoulder joint

A

glenohumeral joint

136
Q

what does the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii travel through

A

intertubercular groove

137
Q

What provides stability to the shoulder joint

A

tendon of the long head biceps brachii

138
Q

What is the action of teres major

A

adduction of the arm

139
Q

what is the main movement of latissimus dorsi

A

adduction of the arm

140
Q

What is the main movement of the pectoralis major

A

flexion of the arm

141
Q

At the elbow what limits extension movement

A

bones, ligaments and muscles

142
Q

At the elbow what limits the action of flexion

A

muscles

DS1101 - S1 Y1 (63 decks)

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