WEEK 4: NEUROLOGY CNS INFECTIONS Flashcards
Etiology of CNS infections in neonates
E Coli, Group B Strep, Listeria, Strep agalactiae
Etiology if CNS infections in Children
N. meningitidis, H. influenza if unvaccinated, Strep pneumoniae
Etiology if CNS infections in young adult
N. Meningitidis, Strep pneumoniae
Etiology if CNS infections in older people
S. pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes
Etiology if CNS infections in immunosuppressed
M. Tuberculosis, Cryptococcus
Etiology if CNS infections if there is a shunt?
Staphylococcus
CSF Findings in Bacterial Meningitis?
Glucose Low, Protein Raised, Polymorphs raised
Route for brain abcess?
Hematogenous
local spread
Foreign body
Organisms for brain abcess? (4)
Anaerobic strep
Bacteroides
Staphylococci
Gram Negatives
Viral encephalitis agents?
Herpes Simplex, Arboviruses, Mumps, Measles
Viral meningitis agents?
enterovirus, mumps, herpes simplex, arboviruses
CSF findings in viral meningitis?
Glucose normal, protein raised, lymphocytes raised
most cases of meningitis result from what route?>
hematogenous dissemination
sources of infections in the CNS?
Contiguous spread: sinusitis, otitis media, birth defects
Hematogenous:
Direct inoculation: Trauma, neurosurgical complications
Reactivation of latent disease: TB, HSV
The clinical factors noted to be associated with adverse outcomes in bacterial meningitis included
Streptococcal pneumonia as the etiology, focal neurological deficits, and hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration <130mmol/L)
the most common acute neurological complications observed in bacterial meningitis
Subdural effusion, seizures and hydrocephalus
Distinction between the gray matter and white matter is gone. This means to say
Cerebral edema
Finger-like appearance of white matter
perilesional edema
most common agents of bacterial meningitis
most common are H.
influenzae, N. meningitidis, and S. pneumoniae,
associated condition in patients who had meningitis with HIB
hearing loss, seizures most often here too
Hib reamain sensitive to what drug?
third gen cephalosporins (
In neonatal period, GBS infection is
associated usually in
vaginally born child or in the birth canal.
Infection with Neisseria meningitidis most commonly
manifests as
asymptomatic colonization in the
nasopharynx of healthy adolescents and adults
is a gram-negative aerobic intracellular diplococcus that
colonizes humans only and that causes disease after
transmission to a susceptible individual
N. meningitidis