DONE! WEEK 1: NEUROLOGY - CARDINAL MANIFESTATIONS [Salonga]]

Question 1

Give some disorders involving the cerebrum

Answer 1

• Abnormal mental status
  *Cognitive and language impairment
  ( re: Higher cortical function)
  * Behaviour and emotional disorder
  *Impairment of motor function
  * Sensory impairment
  * Visual ( cortical) impairment
  *Seizures
  `

Question 2

what are some cognition and behavior symptoms

Answer 2

Dementia
Intellectual Disability 
Language dysfunction 
Conduct and abnormal behaviors 
Refer to functions of areas 11, 22, 47

Question 3

Level of sensorium

( arousal) would indicate lesion along the course of

Answer 3

ARAS

Question 4

what level of consciousness is can be aroused only by painful stimulus?

Answer 4

stupor

Question 5

level of consciousness aroused by touch or voice?

Answer 5

obtunded

Question 6

unable to arouse or respond to noxious stimuli

Answer 6

comatose

Question 7

2 scoring used to grade COMA

Answer 7

GCS and FOUR Score

Question 8

in GCS, EYE Opening response what are 4 3 2 1

Answer 8

4 spontaneously
3 to speech
2 to pain
1 no respone

Question 9

in GCS, Verbal response what are grades 5 4 3 2 1?

Answer 9

5 oriented x3
4 confused
3 inapp words
2 incomp sounds
1 no response

Question 10

in GCS motor response, what are the grading?

Answer 10

6 obeys command
5 localize
4 flexion withdrawal
3 decorticate
2 decerebrate
1 no response

Question 11

in GCS what grade indicates comatose?

Answer 11

8 or less

Question 12

indicate if UMNL or LMNL: Muscles Affected in groups, never individual

Answer 12

UMNL

Question 13

indicate if UMNL or LMNL: Prominent muscle atrophy

Answer 13

LMNL

Question 14

indicate if UMNL or LMNL: No babinski sign

Answer 14

LMNL

Question 15

indicate if UMNL or LMNL: fasciculations absent

Answer 15

UMNL

Question 16

indicate if UMNL or LMNL: normal; NCV, no denervation potentials in EMG

Answer 16

UMNL

Question 17

indicate if UMNL or LMNL: spasticity with increased DTR

Answer 17

UMNL

Question 18

dysfunction of the extrapyramidal motor system would result in (2)

Answer 18

Excessive Involuntary Movements; slow movements

Question 19

4 cardinal signs of parkinsonism

Answer 19

Bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, postural changes

Question 20

extrapyramidal disorders/ movement disorders are all d/t?

Answer 20

imbalance of activity in the complex basal ganglia circuits

Question 21

sustained abnormal postures of limbs, neck trunk, tongue protrusion or fixed upward deviation of the eyes

Answer 21

dystonia

Question 22

what do you call fixed upward deviation of the eyes?

Answer 22

occulogyric crisis

Question 23

slow contionous stream of slow, writhing movements?

Answer 23

athetosis

Question 24

jerky semi purposive uncontrollable movements of the limbs, face and trunk

Answer 24

chorea

Question 25

treatment for ballismus?

Answer 25

anti psychotics

Question 26

cerebrocerebellum is assigned for?

Answer 26

motor planning and coordination

Question 27

spinocerebellum fxn?

Answer 27

control of ongoing body and limb movements

Question 28

vestibulocerebellum fxn?>

Answer 28

posture, balance, eye movements

Question 29

enumerate the cerebellar signs?

Answer 29

DASHING: Dysdiadochokinesis; ataxia; slurred speech; hypotonia; intention tremor; nystagmus; gait issues

Question 30

what are the clinical symptoms and signs of Raised ICP?

Answer 30

``` Headache nausea and vomiting papilloedema imapirment of consciousness cranial nerve 6 palsy: false localizing sign impaired level of consciousness ```

Question 31

increased sensitivity to a painful stimulus?

Answer 31

hyperalgesia

Question 32

inappropriate sensation to a stimulus?

Answer 32

dysesthesia

Question 33

pain provoked by a non painful stimulus?

Answer 33

allodynia

Question 34

abn painful and exagerated reaction to a painful stimulus?

Answer 34

hyperpathia

Question 35

loss of perception of vibration?

Answer 35

pallanesthesia

Question 36

burning pain in the distribution of one or more peripheral nerves?

Answer 36

causalgia

Question 37

damage in the optic chiasm would result in?

Answer 37

bitemporal hemianopsia

Question 38

central or peripheral vertigo: severe and sudden

Answer 38

peripheral

Question 39

central or peripheral vertigo: usually weeks, months, continuous

Answer 39

central

Question 40

central or peripheral vertigo: one direction usually?

Answer 40

peripheral

Question 41

central or peripheral vertigo: no associated neuro findings

Answer 41

peripheral

Question 42

central or peripheral vertigo: no associted auditory findings?

Answer 42

central

Question 43

central or peripheral vertigo: vertical and downbeatinf direction of nystagmus?

Answer 43

central`

Question 44

epileptic vs non epileptic seizure: abnromal electrical discharge?

Answer 44

Epileptic

Question 45

epileptic vs non epileptic seizure:of psychological in origin?

Answer 45

non epi

Question 46

epileptic vs non epileptic seizure: abnromal eeg reading?

Answer 46

epi

Question 47

epileptic vs non epileptic seizure: can occur in sleep

Answer 47

epi

Question 48

epileptic vs non epileptic seizure:tends to happen gradually?

Answer 48

non epileptic

Question 49

Difference between seizures and epilepsy

Answer 49

seizure is a brief temporary disturbance in the electrical activity of the brain while epilepsy is a disorder characterized by recurrent seizure. A seizure is a symptom of epilepsy

Question 50

lesions involving involving the anterior horn cell, spinal root, muscles and neuromuscular junction

Answer 50

peripheral lesions; kapag central lesions, above the anterior horn cell.

Question 51

T or F? If it’s vascular, it’s not progressive, it will be acute in presentation.

Answer 51

TRUE

Question 52

T or F? In patients presenting with confusion, lapses in memory, agitation, and if they are secondary to a brain problem, then what is being involved are the centers for the lower cortical functions.

Answer 52

False. HIGHER CORTICAL

Question 53

broddman area 44, 45?

Answer 53

brocas area

Question 54

BA 11?

Answer 54

prefrontal cortex

Question 55

BA 8?

Answer 55

frontal eye field

Question 56

BA 43?

Answer 56

gustatory cortex

Question 57

Primary auditory cortex what BA?

Answer 57

41, 42

Question 58

primary visual cortex?

Answer 58

17

Question 59

visual association area?

Answer 59

18, 19,

Question 60

BA 22?

Answer 60

Wernicke's

Question 61

primary motor? sensory? pre motor? somatosensory association area?

Answer 61

4, 312, 6, 57

Question 62

metabolic causes of coma?

Answer 62

electrolye imbalance (sodium) and glucose

Question 63

a coma test for intubated patients. This also helps in localizing brainstem involvement.

Answer 63

four score

Question 64

If the facial paralysis is a peripheral type, with hemiplegia that is contralateral to the facial paralysis, the problem must be in the

Answer 64

brain stem

Question 65

the only direct long-fiber connection between the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord.

Answer 65

corticospinal tract

Question 66

pathway of the corticospinal tract?

Answer 66

cerebral cortex - corona radiata (subcortical white matter) -internal capsule - cerebral peduncle - ventral pons) pyramid of the upper medulla - decussates in the lower medulla - lateral column of the spinal cord

Question 67

babinski reflex is suggestive of ___________ int he central control?

Answer 67

inhibition

Question 68

in Myopathy, the paralysis is more of proximal, in comparison to Polyneuropathy where the weakness will be in the distant parts of the extremity. T or F?

Answer 68

T

Question 69

most common type of dystonia?

Answer 69

Focal

Question 70

extrapyramidal manifestation that is commonly associated with rheumatic fever

Answer 70

chorea

Question 71

identify if seizure or syncope: occurs at any posture?

Answer 71

seizure

Question 72

identify if seizure or syncope: blue lips during attack?

Answer 72

seizure (pale and clammy sa syncope)

Question 73

identify if seizure or syncope: brief jerking movements may occur after the LOC?

Answer 73

syncope ( sa seizure kasi ay sabay sa LOC)

Question 74

identify if seizure or syncope: quick recovery?

Answer 74

syncope