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CMED 311 > DONE! WEEK 1: NEUROLOGY - CARDINAL MANIFESTATIONS [Salonga]] > Flashcards

DONE! WEEK 1: NEUROLOGY - CARDINAL MANIFESTATIONS [Salonga]] Flashcards

1
Q

Give some disorders involving the cerebrum

A
  • Abnormal mental status
    *Cognitive and language impairment
    ( re: Higher cortical function)
    * Behaviour and emotional disorder
    *Impairment of motor function
    * Sensory impairment
    * Visual ( cortical) impairment
    *Seizures
    `
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2
Q

what are some cognition and behavior symptoms

A 
Dementia
Intellectual Disability 
Language dysfunction 
Conduct and abnormal behaviors 
Refer to functions of areas 11, 22, 47
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3
Q

Level of sensorium

( arousal) would indicate lesion along the course of

A

ARAS

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4
Q

what level of consciousness is can be aroused only by painful stimulus?

A

stupor

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5
Q

level of consciousness aroused by touch or voice?

A

obtunded

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6
Q

unable to arouse or respond to noxious stimuli

A

comatose

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7
Q

2 scoring used to grade COMA

A

GCS and FOUR Score

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8
Q

in GCS, EYE Opening response what are 4 3 2 1

A

4 spontaneously
3 to speech
2 to pain
1 no respone

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9
Q

in GCS, Verbal response what are grades 5 4 3 2 1?

A 
5 oriented x3
4 confused
3 inapp words
2 incomp sounds
1 no response
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10
Q

in GCS motor response, what are the grading?

A 
6 obeys command
5 localize
4 flexion withdrawal
3 decorticate
2 decerebrate
1 no response
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11
Q

in GCS what grade indicates comatose?

A

8 or less

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12
Q

indicate if UMNL or LMNL: Muscles Affected in groups, never individual

A

UMNL

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13
Q

indicate if UMNL or LMNL: Prominent muscle atrophy

A

LMNL

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14
Q

indicate if UMNL or LMNL: No babinski sign

A

LMNL

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15
Q

indicate if UMNL or LMNL: fasciculations absent

A

UMNL

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16
Q

indicate if UMNL or LMNL: normal; NCV, no denervation potentials in EMG

A

UMNL

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17
Q

indicate if UMNL or LMNL: spasticity with increased DTR

A

UMNL

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18
Q

dysfunction of the extrapyramidal motor system would result in (2)

A

Excessive Involuntary Movements; slow movements

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19
Q

4 cardinal signs of parkinsonism

A

Bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, postural changes

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20
Q

extrapyramidal disorders/ movement disorders are all d/t?

A

imbalance of activity in the complex basal ganglia circuits

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21
Q

sustained abnormal postures of limbs, neck trunk, tongue protrusion or fixed upward deviation of the eyes

A

dystonia

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22
Q

what do you call fixed upward deviation of the eyes?

A

occulogyric crisis

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23
Q

slow contionous stream of slow, writhing movements?

A

athetosis

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24
Q

jerky semi purposive uncontrollable movements of the limbs, face and trunk

A

chorea

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25
Q

treatment for ballismus?

A

anti psychotics

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26
Q

cerebrocerebellum is assigned for?

A

motor planning and coordination

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27
Q

spinocerebellum fxn?

A

control of ongoing body and limb movements

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28
Q

vestibulocerebellum fxn?>

A

posture, balance, eye movements

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29
Q

enumerate the cerebellar signs?

A

DASHING: Dysdiadochokinesis; ataxia; slurred speech; hypotonia; intention tremor; nystagmus; gait issues

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30
Q

what are the clinical symptoms and signs of Raised ICP?

A 
Headache
nausea and vomiting
papilloedema
imapirment of consciousness
cranial nerve 6 palsy: false localizing sign
impaired level of consciousness
31
Q

increased sensitivity to a painful stimulus?

A

hyperalgesia

32
Q

inappropriate sensation to a stimulus?

A

dysesthesia

33
Q

pain provoked by a non painful stimulus?

A

allodynia

34
Q

abn painful and exagerated reaction to a painful stimulus?

A

hyperpathia

35
Q

loss of perception of vibration?

A

pallanesthesia

36
Q

burning pain in the distribution of one or more peripheral nerves?

A

causalgia

37
Q

damage in the optic chiasm would result in?

A

bitemporal hemianopsia

38
Q

central or peripheral vertigo: severe and sudden

A

peripheral

39
Q

central or peripheral vertigo: usually weeks, months, continuous

A

central

40
Q

central or peripheral vertigo: one direction usually?

A

peripheral

41
Q

central or peripheral vertigo: no associated neuro findings

A

peripheral

42
Q

central or peripheral vertigo: no associted auditory findings?

A

central

43
Q

central or peripheral vertigo: vertical and downbeatinf direction of nystagmus?

A

central`

44
Q

epileptic vs non epileptic seizure: abnromal electrical discharge?

A

Epileptic

45
Q

epileptic vs non epileptic seizure:of psychological in origin?

A

non epi

46
Q

epileptic vs non epileptic seizure: abnromal eeg reading?

A

epi

47
Q

epileptic vs non epileptic seizure: can occur in sleep

A

epi

48
Q

epileptic vs non epileptic seizure:tends to happen gradually?

A

non epileptic

49
Q

Difference between seizures and epilepsy

A

seizure is a brief temporary disturbance in the electrical activity of the brain while epilepsy is a disorder characterized by recurrent seizure. A seizure is a symptom of epilepsy

50
Q

lesions involving involving the anterior horn cell, spinal root,
muscles and neuromuscular junction

A

peripheral lesions; kapag central lesions, above the anterior horn cell.

51
Q

T or F? If it’s vascular, it’s not progressive, it will be acute in
presentation.

A

TRUE

52
Q

T or F? In patients presenting with confusion, lapses in memory,
agitation, and if they are secondary to a brain problem, then
what is being involved are the centers for the lower cortical
functions.

A

False. HIGHER CORTICAL

53
Q

broddman area 44, 45?

A

brocas area

54
Q

BA 11?

A

prefrontal cortex

55
Q

BA 8?

A

frontal eye field

56
Q

BA 43?

A

gustatory cortex

57
Q

Primary auditory cortex what BA?

A

41, 42

58
Q

primary visual cortex?

A

17

59
Q

visual association area?

A

18, 19,

60
Q

BA 22?

A

Wernicke’s

61
Q

primary motor? sensory? pre motor? somatosensory association area?

A

4, 312, 6, 57

62
Q

metabolic causes of coma?

A

electrolye imbalance (sodium) and glucose

63
Q

a coma test for intubated patients. This also helps in localizing brainstem involvement.

A

four score

64
Q

If the facial paralysis is a peripheral type, with hemiplegia that is contralateral to the facial paralysis, the problem must be in the

A

brain stem

65
Q

the only direct long-fiber connection between the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord.

A

corticospinal tract

66
Q

pathway of the corticospinal tract?

A

cerebral cortex - corona radiata (subcortical white matter) -internal capsule - cerebral peduncle - ventral pons) pyramid of the upper medulla - decussates in the lower medulla - lateral column of the spinal cord

67
Q

babinski reflex is suggestive of ___________ int he central control?

A

inhibition

68
Q

in Myopathy, the paralysis is more of proximal, in comparison to Polyneuropathy where the weakness will be in the distant parts of the extremity. T or F?

A

T

69
Q

most common type of dystonia?

A

Focal

70
Q

extrapyramidal manifestation that is commonly associated with rheumatic fever

A

chorea

71
Q

identify if seizure or syncope: occurs at any posture?

A

seizure

72
Q

identify if seizure or syncope: blue lips during attack?

A

seizure (pale and clammy sa syncope)

73
Q

identify if seizure or syncope: brief jerking movements may occur after the LOC?

A

syncope ( sa seizure kasi ay sabay sa LOC)

74
Q

identify if seizure or syncope: quick recovery?

A

syncope

CMED 311 (47 decks)

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