WEEK 2: PATHOLOGY PART 2 [ERF] NOT INCLUDED YET Flashcards
3 types of intracranial hemorrhage
epidural
subdural
subarachnoid
Bleeding between the inner table of skull and dura
epidural hemorrhage
typical cause of epidural hemorrhage
trauma; Due to structural disruption of the dural and skull vessels
commonly associated with calvarial fractures
most common etiology of epidural hemorrhage?
Laceration of the middle meningeal artery and its
accompanying dural venous sinuses
when does symptoms appear in epidural hemorrhage?
Blood volume reaches 30-50 cc symptoms appear
can epidural hemorrhage become asymptomatic?
first 4 to 8 hours
cause of subdural hemorrhage?
Trauma to the frontal or occipital regions of the head
Rapid displacement of the cerebral hemispheres against the
inner aspect of the skull
Shearing effect on the bridging veins within the subdural
space
Subdural: Shearing of the Beins
Commonly blood accumulating to a volume of 25-50 cc
results in a tamponade effect on the ruptured bridging veins
what hemorrhage is most common in shaken baby syndrome?
subdural hemorrhage
most often caused by head injury rapidly changing velocities within the skull may stretch and tear small veins?
subdural hemorrhage
most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
berry (saccular) aneurysm, commonly in the circle of willis.
most common d/t Due to congenital defects of the smooth muscle fibers of
the tunica media
MC location of congenital saccular aneurysm in the brain.
branch of the middle cerebral/portion of ICA just before maging MCA siya
but it can occur in any part of the circle of willis
Interruption of blood supply commonly due to blockage or rupture
of blood vessel causing sudden death of brain cells
CVA
why is MCA one of the most common location of CVA
because it does not form the circle of willis
MC of intracerebral hemorrhage?
hypertensive vascular disesase.
cause of ischemic stroke?
Caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral
artery
ischemic infarction may lead to what 2 consequences?
cerebral edema; inc ICP
most common congenital anomaly that can cause stroke?
arteriovenous malformation
where are AVM usually located?
superficial portion of gray matter
CNS tumors are how many percent of all tumors?
10%
most common solid cancer in children?
CNS Tumor; 2nd siya to leukemia if all malignancies
peak of age of CNS tumor?
double peak; 1st and 6th decade