Week 21: Psychopathology & Therapeutic Orientations Flashcards
Antisocial
a pervasive pattern of disregard and violation of the rights of others; these behaviours may be aggressive or destructive & may involved breaking laws/rules, deceit/theft
Avoidant
a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
Borderline
a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity
Dependent
a pervasive/excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behaviour and fears of separation
Five-factor model
five broad domains/dimensions that are used to describe human personality
Histrionic
a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality/attention seeking
narcissistic
a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy/behaviour), need for admiration, and lack of empathy
Obsessive-compulsive
pervasive pattern of preoccupation w orderliness, perfectionism, and mental/interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency
Paranoid
a pervasive distrust/suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent
Personality
characteristic, routine ways of thinking/feeling/relating to others
Personality Disorders
when personality traits result in significant distress, social impairment, and/or occupational impairment
Schizoid
a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings
Schizotypal
a pervasive pattern of social/interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort w, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as perceptual distortions/eccentricities of behaviour
Antisocial personality disorder
counterpart diagnosis to psychopathy included in the 3-5 editions of the DSM; defined by specific symptoms of behavioural deviancy in childhood (ex. fighting, lying, stealing, truancy) continuing into adulthood (manifested as repeated rule-breaking, impulsiveness, irresponsibility, aggressiveness, etc.)
psychopathy
the term used by Cleckley to designate mental disorders presumed to be heritable
Triarchic Model
model formulated to reconcile alternative historic conceptions of psychopathy & differing methods for assessing it; conceives of psychopathy as encompassing three symptomatic components: boldness, meanness, disinhibition
Acceptance & commitment therapy
a therapeutic approach designed to foster nonjudgmental observation of one’s own mental processes
automatic thoughts
thoughts that occur spontaneously; often used to describe problematic thoughts that maintain mental disorders
cognitive bias modification
using exercises (ex. computer games) to change problematic thinking habits
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)
a family of approaches w the goal of changing the thoughts/behaviours that influence psychopathology
comorbidity
describes a state of having more than one psychological/physical disorder at a given time
dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT)
a treatment often used for borderline personality disorder that incorporates both cognitive-behavioural/mindfulness elements
Dialectical Worldview
a perspective in DBT that emphasizes the join importance of change/acceptance
Exposure therapy
a form of intervention in which the patient engages w a problematic (usually feared) situation without avoidance/escape
Free association
in psychodynamic therapy, a process in which the patient reports all thoughts that come to mind without censorship, and these thoughts are interpreted by the therapist
integrative/eclectic psychotherapy
refers to approaches combining multiple orientations (ex. CBT w psychoanalytic elements)
MIndfulness
a process that reflects a nonjudgmental, yet attentive, mental state
Mindfulness-based therapy
a form of psychotherapy grounded in mindfulness theory/practice, often involving meditation, yoga, body scan, and other features of mindfulness excersises
Person-centered therapy
a therapeutic approach focused on creating a supportive environment for self-discovery
Psychoanalytic therapy
Freud’s therapeutic approach focusing on resolving unconscious conflicts
Psychodynamic therapy
treatment applying psychoanalytic principles in a briefer, more individualized format
reappraisal, or cognitive restructing
process of identifying, evaluating, and changing maladaptive thoughts in psychotherapy
Schema
mental representation or set of beliefs about something
