Week 10: Attention and Memory

Question 1

Sensory Interaction

Answer 1

the working together of different senses to create experience

Question 2

McGurk effect

Answer 2

effect in which conflicting visual and auditory components of a speech stimulus result in an illusory percept

Question 3

Synesthesia

Answer 3

experience in which one sensation (ex. hearing a sound) creates experience in another (ex. vision)

Question 4

Selective Attention

Answer 4

ability to select certain stimuli in the environment to process, while ignoring distracting info

Question 5

Cocktail Party Phenomenon

Answer 5

experience of being at a party and talking to someone in one part of room, when suddenly you hear your name mentioned by someone in another part of the room

Question 6

Sensory Adaptation

Answer 6

decrease in sensitivity of a receptor to a stimulus after constant simulation

Question 7

Saccades

Answer 7

quick, simultaneous movements of the eyes

Question 8

Perceptual Constancy

Answer 8

ability to perceive a stimulus as constant despite changes in sensation

Question 9

Illusions

Answer 9

occur when the perceptual processes that normally help us correctly perceive the world around us are fooled by a particular situation so that we see something that doesn’t exist/incorrect

Question 10

Mueller-Lyer Illusion

Answer 10

line segment in bottom arrow looks longer to us than the one on the top, even though they’re actually same length

Question 11

Moon Illusion

Answer 11

refers to fact that the moon is perceived to be about 50% larger when it’s near the horizon than when it’s seen overhead, despite the fact that the moon never changes size and casts the same size retinal image

Question 12

Embodied

Answer 12

built into and linked with our cognition

Question 13

Limited Capacity

Answer 13

notion that humans have limited mental resources that can be used at a given time

Question 14

Divided Attention

Answer 14

ability to flexibly allocate attentional resources between two/more concurrent tasks

Question 15

Selective Attention

Answer 15

ability to select certain stimuli in the environment to process, while ignoring distracting info

Question 16

Dichotic Listening

Answer 16

experimental task in which two messages are presented to different ears

Question 17

Shadowing

Answer 17

task in which the individual is asked to repeat an auditory message as it’s presented

Question 18

Subliminal Perception

Answer 18

ability to process info for meaning when the individual is not consciously aware of that info

Question 19

Selective Listening

Answer 19

method for studying selective attention in which people focus attention on one auditory stream of info while deliberately ignoring other auditory info

Question 20

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 20

failure to notice a fully visible, but unexpected, object or event when attention is devoted to something else

Question 21

Inattentional Deafness

Answer 21

auditory analog of inattentional blindness; people fail to notice an unexpected sound/voice when attention is devoted to other aspects of a scene

Question 22

Long-term Memory

Answer 22

storage of info over an extended period of time

Question 23

Explicit Memory

Answer 23

knowledge or experiences that can be consciously remembered

Question 24

Episodic Memory

Answer 24

ability to learn and retrieve new info or episodes in one’s life

Question 25

Semantic Memory

Answer 25

the more or less permanent store of knowledge that people have

Question 26

Recall Memory

Answer 26

measure of explicit memory that involves bringing from memory info that has previously been remembered

Question 27

Recognition Memory Test

Answer 27

measure of explicit memory that involves determining whether info has been seen/learned before

Question 28

Relearning

Answer 28

assess how much more quickly info is processed or learned when it’s studied again after it has already been learned but thenforgotten

Question 29

Implicit Memory

Answer 29

type of long-term memory that doesn’t require conscious thought to encode; memory one makes w/o intent
consists of: procedural memory, classical conditioning effects, and priming

Question 30

Procedural Memory

Answer 30

our often unexplainable knowledge of how to do things

Question 31

Classical Conditioning Effects

Answer 31

we learn, often w/o effort/awareness, to associate neutral stimuli (sound, light) w another stimuli (food), which creates a naturally occurring response such as enjoyment/salvation

Question 32

Sensory Memory

Answer 32

brief storage of sensory info

Question 33

Ionic Memory

Answer 33

visual sensory memory

Question 34

Echoic Memory

Answer 34

auditory sensory memory

Question 35

Eidetic imagery

Answer 35

when people can report details of an image over long periods of time; photographic memory

Question 36

Short-Term Memory (STM)

Answer 36

place where small amounts of info can be temporarily kept for more than a few seconds but usually for less than one minute

Question 37

Working Memory

Answer 37

form of memory we use to hold onto info temporarily, usually for purposes of manipulation

Question 38

Central Executive

Answer 38

the part of working memory that directs attention and processing

Question 39

Maintenance Rehearsal

Answer 39

process of repeating info mentally or out loud w the goal of keeping it in memory

Question 40

Chunking

Answer 40

process of organizing info into smaller groupings (chunks), thereby increasing the number of items that can be held in STM