Week 10: Attention and Memory Flashcards
Sensory Interaction
the working together of different senses to create experience
McGurk effect
effect in which conflicting visual and auditory components of a speech stimulus result in an illusory percept
Synesthesia
experience in which one sensation (ex. hearing a sound) creates experience in another (ex. vision)
Selective Attention
ability to select certain stimuli in the environment to process, while ignoring distracting info
Cocktail Party Phenomenon
experience of being at a party and talking to someone in one part of room, when suddenly you hear your name mentioned by someone in another part of the room
Sensory Adaptation
decrease in sensitivity of a receptor to a stimulus after constant simulation
Saccades
quick, simultaneous movements of the eyes
Perceptual Constancy
ability to perceive a stimulus as constant despite changes in sensation
Illusions
occur when the perceptual processes that normally help us correctly perceive the world around us are fooled by a particular situation so that we see something that doesn’t exist/incorrect
Mueller-Lyer Illusion
line segment in bottom arrow looks longer to us than the one on the top, even though they’re actually same length
Moon Illusion
refers to fact that the moon is perceived to be about 50% larger when it’s near the horizon than when it’s seen overhead, despite the fact that the moon never changes size and casts the same size retinal image
Embodied
built into and linked with our cognition
Limited Capacity
notion that humans have limited mental resources that can be used at a given time
Divided Attention
ability to flexibly allocate attentional resources between two/more concurrent tasks
Selective Attention
ability to select certain stimuli in the environment to process, while ignoring distracting info
Dichotic Listening
experimental task in which two messages are presented to different ears
Shadowing
task in which the individual is asked to repeat an auditory message as it’s presented
Subliminal Perception
ability to process info for meaning when the individual is not consciously aware of that info
Selective Listening
method for studying selective attention in which people focus attention on one auditory stream of info while deliberately ignoring other auditory info
Inattentional Blindness
failure to notice a fully visible, but unexpected, object or event when attention is devoted to something else
Inattentional Deafness
auditory analog of inattentional blindness; people fail to notice an unexpected sound/voice when attention is devoted to other aspects of a scene
Long-term Memory
storage of info over an extended period of time
Explicit Memory
knowledge or experiences that can be consciously remembered
Episodic Memory
ability to learn and retrieve new info or episodes in one’s life
Semantic Memory
the more or less permanent store of knowledge that people have
Recall Memory
measure of explicit memory that involves bringing from memory info that has previously been remembered
Recognition Memory Test
measure of explicit memory that involves determining whether info has been seen/learned before
Relearning
assess how much more quickly info is processed or learned when it’s studied again after it has already been learned but thenforgotten
Implicit Memory
type of long-term memory that doesn’t require conscious thought to encode; memory one makes w/o intent
consists of: procedural memory, classical conditioning effects, and priming
Procedural Memory
our often unexplainable knowledge of how to do things
Classical Conditioning Effects
we learn, often w/o effort/awareness, to associate neutral stimuli (sound, light) w another stimuli (food), which creates a naturally occurring response such as enjoyment/salvation
Sensory Memory
brief storage of sensory info
Ionic Memory
visual sensory memory
Echoic Memory
auditory sensory memory
Eidetic imagery
when people can report details of an image over long periods of time; photographic memory
Short-Term Memory (STM)
place where small amounts of info can be temporarily kept for more than a few seconds but usually for less than one minute
Working Memory
form of memory we use to hold onto info temporarily, usually for purposes of manipulation
Central Executive
the part of working memory that directs attention and processing
Maintenance Rehearsal
process of repeating info mentally or out loud w the goal of keeping it in memory
Chunking
process of organizing info into smaller groupings (chunks), thereby increasing the number of items that can be held in STM
