Week 16: Intelligence and Decision Making

Question 1

G

Answer 1

short for “general factor” and is often used to be synonymous w intelligence itself

Question 2

Intelligence

Answer 2

an individual’s cognitive capability; this includes the ability to acquire, process, recall and apply info

Question 3

IQ

Answer 3

short for “intelligence quotient” - this is a score, typically obtained from a widely used measure of intelligence that is meant to rank a person’s intellectual ability against that of others

Question 4

Norm

Answer 4

assessments are given to a representative sample of a population to determine the range of scores for that population; these “norms” are then used to place an individual who takes that assessment on a range of scores in which they are compared to the population at large

Question 5

Standardize

Answer 5

assessments that are given in the exact same manner to all people; w regards to intelligence tests standardized scores are individual scores that are computed to be referenced against normative scores for a population (see “norm”)

Question 6

Stereotype Threat

Answer 6

the phenomenon in which people are concerned that they will conform to a stereotype or that their performance does conform to that stereotype, especially in instances in which the stereotype is brought to their conscious awareness

Question 7

G/General Mental Ability

Answer 7

general factor common to all cognitive measures; a very general mental capacity that, among other things, involves ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience; not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test taking smarts - reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings; “catching on,” “making sense of things,” or “figuring out’ what to do”

Question 8

Satisfaction

Answer 8

correspondence between an individual’s needs/preferences and the rewards offered by the environment

Question 9

Satisfactoriness

Answer 9

correspondence between an individual’s needs/preferences and the rewards offered by the environment

Question 10

Specific Abilities

Answer 10

cognitive abilities that contain an appreciable component of g or general ability, but also contain a large component of a more content-focused talent such as mathematical, spatial, or verbal ability; patterns of specific abilities channel development down different paths as a function of an individual’s relative strengths and weaknesses

Question 11

Under-determined or misspecified causal models

Answer 11

psychological frameworks that miss or neglect to include one or more of the critical determinants of the phenomenon under analysis

Question 12

Anchoring

Answer 12

the bias to be affected by an initial anchor, even if the anchor is arbitrary, and to insufficiently adjust our judgements away from that anchor

Question 13

Biases

Answer 13

the systematic and predictable mistakes that influence the judgement of even very talented human beings

Question 14

Bounded Awareness

Answer 14

the systematic ways in which we fail to notice obvious and important info that is available to us

Question 15

Bounded Ethicality

Answer 15

the systematic ways in which our ethics are limited in ways we aren’t even aware of ourselves

Question 16

Bounded Rationality

Answer 16

model of human behaviour that suggests that humans try to make rational decisions but are bounded due to cognitive limitations

Question 17

Bounded Self-Interest

Answer 17

the systematic and predictable ways in which we care about the outcomes of others

Question 18

Bounded Willpower

Answer 18

the tendency to place greater weight on present concerns rather than future concerns

Question 19

Framing

Answer 19

The bias to be systematically affected by the way in which info is presented, while holding the objective info constant

Question 20

Heuristics

Answer 20

cognitive (or thinking) strategies that simplify decision making by using mental short-cuts

Question 21

Overconfident

Answer 21

the bias to have greater confidence in your judgement than is warranted based on a rational assessment

Question 22

System 1

Answer 22

our intuitive decision-making system, which is typically fast, automatic, effortless, implicit, and emotional