Week 16: Intelligence and Decision Making

Question 1

G

Answer 1

short for “general factor” and is often used to be synonymous w intelligence itself

Question 2

Intelligence

Answer 2

an individual’s cognitive capability; this includes the ability to acquire, process, recall and apply info

Question 3

IQ

Answer 3

short for “intelligence quotient” - this is a score, typically obtained from a widely used measure of intelligence that is meant to rank a person’s intellectual ability against that of others

Question 4

Norm

Answer 4

a test is given to a group of people to set a standard, then that standard is used to compare your score w others

Question 5

Standardize

Answer 5

assessments that are given in the exact same manner to all people; w regards to intelligence tests standardized scores are individual scores that are computed to be referenced against normative scores for a population (see “norm”)

Question 6

Stereotype Threat

Answer 6

the phenomenon in which people are concerned that they will conform to a stereotype or that their performance does conform to that stereotype, especially in instances in which the stereotype is brought to their conscious awareness

Question 7

G/General Mental Ability

Answer 7

overall brain power that helps you think/reason/solve/plan/learn; it’s about understanding the world, figuring out problems, making sense of t

Question 8

Satisfaction

Answer 8

high level of fulfillment; needs and desires are met and they bring you a sense of joy/happiness

Question 9

Satisfactoriness

Answer 9

something good enough/acceptable, not necessary fulfilling - basic needs are met, but you don’t really get joy out of it

Question 10

Specific Abilities

Answer 10

cognitive abilities that contain an appreciable component of g or general ability, but also contain a large component of a more content-focused talent such as mathematical, spatial, or verbal ability; patterns of specific abilities channel development down different paths as a function of an individual’s relative strengths and weaknesses

Question 11

Under-determined or misspecified causal models

Answer 11

psychological frameworks that miss or neglect to include one or more of the critical determinants of the phenomenon under analysis

Question 12

Anchoring

Answer 12

the bias to be affected by an initial anchor, even if the anchor is arbitrary, and to insufficiently adjust our judgements away from that anchor

Question 13

Biases

Answer 13

the systematic and predictable mistakes that influence the judgement of even very talented human beings

Question 14

Bounded Awareness

Answer 14

when we fail to notice important info/overlook other options because we’re fixated on a specific idea/goal/piece of info

Question 15

Bounded Ethicality

Answer 15

when we act in ways that aren’t fully ethical, but we don’t notice/think about it - can’t really see how their behaviour is affected by things around them

Question 16

Bounded Rationality

Answer 16

we try to make the best decisions, but we are limited because of how much we know, the time we have, the complexity of the situation

Question 17

Bounded Self-Interest

Answer 17

having a narrow view of what’s best for you in the long term because you’re focused on short-term gains/limited info

Question 18

Bounded Willpower

Answer 18

the tendency to place greater weight on present concerns rather than future concerns

Question 19

Framing

Answer 19

The bias to be systematically affected by the way in which info is presented, while holding the objective info constant

Question 20

Heuristics

Answer 20

cognitive (or thinking) strategies that simplify decision making by using mental short-cuts

Question 21

Overconfident

Answer 21

the bias to have greater confidence in your judgement than is warranted based on a rational assessment

Question 22

System 1

Answer 22

our intuitive decision-making system, which is typically fast, automatic, effortless, implicit, and emotional