Week 16: Intelligence and Decision Making Flashcards
G
short for “general factor” and is often used to be synonymous w intelligence itself
Intelligence
an individual’s cognitive capability; this includes the ability to acquire, process, recall and apply info
IQ
short for “intelligence quotient” - this is a score, typically obtained from a widely used measure of intelligence that is meant to rank a person’s intellectual ability against that of others
Norm
assessments are given to a representative sample of a population to determine the range of scores for that population; these “norms” are then used to place an individual who takes that assessment on a range of scores in which they are compared to the population at large
Standardize
assessments that are given in the exact same manner to all people; w regards to intelligence tests standardized scores are individual scores that are computed to be referenced against normative scores for a population (see “norm”)
Stereotype Threat
the phenomenon in which people are concerned that they will conform to a stereotype or that their performance does conform to that stereotype, especially in instances in which the stereotype is brought to their conscious awareness
G/General Mental Ability
general factor common to all cognitive measures; a very general mental capacity that, among other things, involves ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience; not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test taking smarts - reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings; “catching on,” “making sense of things,” or “figuring out’ what to do”
Satisfaction
correspondence between an individual’s needs/preferences and the rewards offered by the environment
Satisfactoriness
correspondence between an individual’s needs/preferences and the rewards offered by the environment
Specific Abilities
cognitive abilities that contain an appreciable component of g or general ability, but also contain a large component of a more content-focused talent such as mathematical, spatial, or verbal ability; patterns of specific abilities channel development down different paths as a function of an individual’s relative strengths and weaknesses
Under-determined or misspecified causal models
psychological frameworks that miss or neglect to include one or more of the critical determinants of the phenomenon under analysis
Anchoring
the bias to be affected by an initial anchor, even if the anchor is arbitrary, and to insufficiently adjust our judgements away from that anchor
Biases
the systematic and predictable mistakes that influence the judgement of even very talented human beings
Bounded Awareness
the systematic ways in which we fail to notice obvious and important info that is available to us
Bounded Ethicality
the systematic ways in which our ethics are limited in ways we aren’t even aware of ourselves
Bounded Rationality
model of human behaviour that suggests that humans try to make rational decisions but are bounded due to cognitive limitations
Bounded Self-Interest
the systematic and predictable ways in which we care about the outcomes of others
Bounded Willpower
the tendency to place greater weight on present concerns rather than future concerns
Framing
The bias to be systematically affected by the way in which info is presented, while holding the objective info constant
Heuristics
cognitive (or thinking) strategies that simplify decision making by using mental short-cuts
Overconfident
the bias to have greater confidence in your judgement than is warranted based on a rational assessment
System 1
our intuitive decision-making system, which is typically fast, automatic, effortless, implicit, and emotional
