Week 20: Psychopathology II Flashcards
Anhedonia
Loss of interest or pleasure in activites one previously found enjoyable or rewarding
Attributional style
the tendency by which a person infers the cause or meaning of behaviours or events
Chronic Stress
discrete or related problematic events and conditions which persist over time and result in prolonged activation of the biological and/or psychological stress response (ex. unemployment, ongoing health difficulties, marital discord)
Early Adversity
single/multiple acute or chronic stressful events, which may be biological or psychological in nature (ex. poverty, abuse, childhood illness, or injury), occurring during childhood and resulting in a biological and/or psychological stress response
Grandiosity
inflated self-esteem or an exaggerated sense of self-important and self-worth (ex. believing one has special powers/superior abilities)
Hypersomnia
excessive daytime sleepiness, including difficulty staying awake or napping, or prolonged sleep episodes
Psychomotor Agitation
increased motor activity associated w restlessness, including physical actions (ex. fidgeting, pacing, feet tapping, handwringing)
Psychomotor retardation
a slowing of physical activities in which routine activities (ex. eating, brushing teeth)are performed in an unusually slow manner
Social Zeitgerber
Zeitgber is German for “time giver”; social zeitgebers are environmental cues, such as meal times and interactions w other people, that entrain biological rhythms and thus sleep-wake cycle regularity
Socioeconomic status (SES)
a person’s economic and social position based on income, education, and occupation
Suicidal ideation
recurring thoughts about suicide, including considering or planning for suicide, or preoccupation with suicide
Algoria
a reduction in the amount of speech and/or increased pausing before the initiation of speech
anhedonia/amotivation
a reduction in the drive or ability to take the steps or engage in actions necessary to obtain the potentially positive outcome
Catatonia
behaviours that seem to reflect a reduction in responsiveness to the external environment; this can include holding unusual postures for long periods of time, failing to respond to verbal or motor prompts from another person, or excessive and seemingly purposeless motor activity
Delusions
false beliefs that are often fixed, hard to change even in the presence of conflicting information and often culturally influenced in their content
Diagnostic Criteria
the specific criteria used to determine whether an individual has a specific type of psychiatric disorder; commonly used diagnostic criteria are included in the DSM-5 and the ICD-9
Disorganized Behaviour
behaviour or dress that is outside the norm for almost all subcultures; this would include odd dress, odd makeup, or unusual rituals (e.g, repetitive hand gestures)
Disorganized Speech
speech that is difficult to follow, either because answers don’t clearly follow questions or because one sentence doesn’t logically follow from another
Dopamine
a neurotransmitter in the brain that is thought to play an important role in regulating the function of other neurotransmitters
Episodic memory
ability to learn and retrieve new info or episodes in one’s life
Flat affect
a reduction in the display of emotions through facial expressions, gestures, and speech intonation
Functional capacity
ability to engage in self-care (cook, clean, bathe) work, attend school, and/or engage in social relationships
Hallucinations
perceptual experiences that ocur even when there is no stimulus in the outside world generating the experiences; they can be auditory, visual, olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste), or somatic (touch)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
a set of techniques that uses strong magnets to measure either the structure of the brain (ex. gray/white matter) or how the brain functions when a person performs cognitive tasks (ex. working memory or episodic memory) or other types of tasks
Neurodevelopmental
processes that influence how the brain develops either in utero or as the child is growing up
Positron emission tomography
a technique that uses radio-labelled ligands to measure the distribution of different neurotransmitter receptors in the brain or to measure how much of a certain type of neurotransmitter is released when a person is given a specific type of drug or does a particularly cognitive task
Processing Speed
the speed w which an individual can perceive auditory or visual info and respond to it
Psychopathology
illnesses or disorders that involve psychological/psychiatric symptoms
