Week 2 Flashcards
how do you know you’re feeling lymph nodes and not something else
stand behind patient and palpate to feel differences in both sides
where is the hyoid bone
in corner between submandibular region and the front of the neck
where are the submandibular lymph nodes
medial to the mandible
what do the submandibular lymph nodes drain
the mouth, nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, lower parts of the face
if enlarged lymph nodes are painful what does this suggest
caused by infection
if enlarged lymph nodes are not painful what does this suggest
might be malignant change
apart from infection and malignant change why else might lymph nodes be enlarged
if they have had inflamed lymph nodes in the past there might be fibrous change so completely benign but still might feel them
what do the submental nodes drain
most anterior parts of the the lower mouth (lower lip, skin and chin, tip of tongue, front of floor of mouth, anterior teeth
where is the submandibular salivary gland
between angle of mandible and hyoid bone
wher is the platysma muscle
just above the mandible and into the face, sweeping down below the skin on each side of the neck and going into the upper chest
what does platysma do
maintains the tone of the tissue in the neck, muscle of facial expression
where is the anterior belly of digastric muscle
attaches to the inside of the mandible at the front (a little depression in the deep aspect of the mandible)
where is the mylohyoid muscle
deep to the digastric, coming from about half way up the mandible (not from the edge). Back fibres attach to the front of the hyoid bone and further forward the fibres are running onto a band of connective tissue in the midline.
when designing dentures why is the mylohyoid muscle important
the muscle has a free edge to it and the lower denture has to fit round the free edge of the muscle, need to be sitting above it otherwise when you speak and eat the muscle will lift the denture
where is the sternoclidomastoid muscle
from the medial of the clavicle and the manubruim (part of sternum) and heads up towards the mastoid process (bony projection on the base of the skull just behind your ear
where is the external jugular vein
forms near the angle of mandible and runs down over the sternoclidomastoid
what does a distended external jugular vein indicate when a patient is sitting up
potential cardiac failure, perhaps obstruction, perhaps something further down pressing on the veins which has caused it to fill up
where is the sternohyoid muscle
sternum to hyoid bone
where is the omohyoid muscle
attaches scapula (shoulder) to hyoid bone
what actions do the sternohyoid and omohyoid carry out
move the hyoid bone up and down
are the sternohyoid and omohyoid superficial or deep
superficial
where is the sternothyroid muscle
sternum to thyroid cartilage
where is the thyrohyoid muscle
muscle on the top end of the thyroid cartilage which goes to the hyoid bone
what are the strap muscles
- sternohyoid
- omohyoid
- thyrohyoid
- sternothyroid
what is the name for ‘Adam’s apple’
laryngeal prominence
where is the thyroid cartilage
just below adams apple (can feel easily on ourselves)
where is the cricoid cartilage
halfway between the hyoid bone and the manubrium
where is the 1st tracheal ring
below the cricoid cartilage
where is the thyroid gland
below the 1st tracheal ring and in front of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th rings
what is the section in the middle of the 2 lobes of the thyroid gland called
isthmus
where is the common carotid artery
runs up close to the thyroid gland, branches about the level of the upper body of the thyroid cartilage
what is the blood supply of the thyroid gland
superior thyroid artery (branch of the external carotid artery)
where is the internal jugular vein
runs close to the common carotid artery.
what are on top of the internal jugular vein
deep cervical lymph nodes - diseases in the neck might involve these.
how do you do surgery to create an elective airway
opening created at 2nd, 3rd and 4th tracheal rings behind the isthmus of thyroid cartilage
in an emergency situation, how is an airway created
hole made in cricothyroid membrane (bar like elevation with laryngeal prominence above it)
what are the borders of the posterior triangle
- sternocleidomastoid in front
- upper tranpezius behind
- middle 1/3 of clavicle
what is the test for the accessory nerve (CN11)
moving head to the side and shrugging the shoulders
what nerve supplies the sternoclidomastoid and trapezius
CN11
Where is the great auricular nerve
coming out from being deep to the sternocleidomastoid, heads up to the angle of the mandible and onto the ear
what does the great auricular nerve supply
sensory to angle of mandible and onto the ear
what is the great auricular nerve derived from
C2 and C3 spinal nerves
what nerve supplies the skin on the front of the neck (skin over anterior triangle)
transverse cervical nerve
where is the transverse cervical nerve
runs deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and runs forwards
what is the transverse cervical nerve derived from
C2 and C3 spinal nerves
what is the path of the accessory nerve
- comes out at jugular foramen
- down through neck
- branch to sternocleidomastoid
- continues to trapezius
what are 2 arteries behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle called (same source)
- transverse cervical artery
- suprascapular artery
what does the phrenic nerve supply
diaphragm
what is the phrenic nerve derived from
C3, C4 and C5
what muscles are quite small and go from the cervical vertebrate and the first rib
- scalenus anterior muscle
- scalenus medius muscle
what is the huge bundle of fibres that come out between scalenus anterior muscle and scalenus medius muscle and go down to the axilla
brachial plexus
what does the brachial plexus supply
innervation to the upper limb
how is the brachial plexus divided
3 large bundles:
- upper
- middle
- lower
what is the brachial plexus derived from
C5-T1 spinal nerves
where are superficial cervical lymph nodes
scattered around among the fat in the posterior triangle
what do superficial cervical lymph nodes drain
- the skin over the area of the posterior triangle
- contents of the posterior triangle
where are supraclavicular nodes
large lymph nodes just above the clavicle
what do supraclavicular nodes drain
- structures in neck
- connected to lymphatics and chest
diseases in what areas of the body can present with enlarged supraclavicular nodes
- neck
- chest
- as far as stomach
