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BDS3 Head and neck anatomy > 10 Pharynx > Flashcards

10 Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pharynx

A

passage way which conducts air and food

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2
Q

3 parts to the pharynx

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharnx
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3
Q

what goes through the nasopharynx

A

only air

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4
Q

what epithelium lines the nasopharynx

A

respiratory epithelium

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5
Q

what are the borders of the nasopharynx

A

back edge of nasal septum to back edge of soft palate

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6
Q

what opening is found in the nasopharynx

A

auditory tube

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7
Q

what is the function of the auditory tube

A

allows air to enter the middle ear

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8
Q

why is it necessary to have air enter the middle ear

A

because the old air is absorbed by the lining

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9
Q

what surrounds the opening of the auditory tube

A

tubual elevation

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10
Q

what causes the tubual elevation

A

cartilage and lining mucosa which forms the medial end of auditory tube

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11
Q

what is the deep recess behind the opening of the auditory tube called

A

pharyngeal recess

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12
Q

why is the pharyngeal recess significant

A

if there is malignant change here it is hard to spot as such a deep pocket

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13
Q

what is lateral to the pharyngeal recess

A

internal carotid artery (ie need to be careful not to damage if doing surgery at pharyngeal recess)

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14
Q

when does the mouth become the oropharynx

A

palatoglossal fold

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15
Q

where is the palatopharyngeus muscle

A

little muscle which blends with the wall of the pharynx

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16
Q

what does the palatopharyngeus muscle do

A

when you swallow it helps bring the soft palate against the back wall of the pharynx to improve the seal

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17
Q

what is the between the two palatoglossal folds

A

isthmus of fauces

18
Q

where are the palatine tonsils

A

sit in between the two folds in the tonsillar fossa

19
Q

do children have larger or smaller palatine tonsils than adults

A

larger as immune system is very active

20
Q

what is the recess in between the tongue and the epiglottis called

A

vallecula

21
Q

what is the vallecula known for

A

getting fish bones stuck

22
Q

what is the border of the laryngopharynx

A

tip of epiglottis to after cricoid cartilage

23
Q

what is the epiglottis made of

A

elastic cartilage

24
Q

what is the recess below and lateral to the inlet of the larynx

A

pyriform fossa

25
Q

what is the pyriform fossa known for

A

getting fish bones stuck

26
Q

what makes up Waldeyer’s ring

A
  • pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
  • tubal tonsil
  • palatine tonsil
  • lingual tonsil
27
Q

what is Waldeyer’s ring

A

an interrupted series of tonsils round the start of the airways for protection

28
Q

what do you need to be careful of in a tonsilectomy

A

the tonsiler branch of the facial artery

29
Q

what epithelium lines the oropharynx and laryngopharynx

A

stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium

30
Q

why do the vocal folds appear whiter

A

Different epithelium

  • they are stratified squamous
  • surrounding them is pseudostratified columnar
31
Q

what movements do the vocal folds make

A 
Abduct = move apart
Aduct = move together
32
Q

what muscle aducts (moves apart) the vocal folds

A

inter arytenoid muscle

33
Q

what muscle abducts (moves together) the vocal folds

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

34
Q

what produces sounds and vowels

A

vibration of vocal folds

35
Q

what produces constanants

A

shape of lips and tongue

36
Q

what are the boundaries of the larynx

A
  • epiglottis

- arepiglottic fold

37
Q

Describe the cough reflex

A
  • something hits around the vocal folds
  • vagus nerve supplies the mucosa of the larynx
  • deep breath comes in (diaphragm)
  • vocal folds aduct to close the larynx
  • glottis is the airway at the level of the vocal folds so its that which comes together so the glottis folds
  • forced expiration (abdominal muscles contract, diaphram relaxes)
38
Q

what changes the pitch of someones voice

A
  • Higher note increases frequency of vibrations which involves cricothyroid joint
  • When cricothyroid muscle contracts causes the thyroid cartilage to tilt slightly just enough to increase the tension of the vocal folds so the pitch increases.
  • Cricothyroid muscle supplied by the vagus nerve
39
Q

if there was malignancy on the vocal folds where would the lymph drain to

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

40
Q

how would a patient breathe during an operation on their vocal folds

A

planned airway created at 2nd, 3rd and 4th rings of trachea

BDS3 Head and neck anatomy (19 decks)

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