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BDS3 Head and neck anatomy > 11 Ear > Flashcards

11 Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main parts to the ear

A
  • external ear
  • middle ear
  • internal ear
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2
Q

what is the auricle also called

A

pinna

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3
Q

what is the function of the external ear

A

to gather sound

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4
Q

where does the auricle/pinna channel sound into

A

external auditory meatus

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5
Q

what is the external auditory meatus made of

A
  • part is made of elastic cartilage

- part is made of bone

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6
Q

what are the only 2 places in the body you’ll find elastic cartilage

A
  • external auditory meatus

- epiglottis

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7
Q

what lines the external auditory meatus

A
  • skin
  • little hairs
  • ceruminous glands
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8
Q

what is the function of the little hairs in the external auditory meatus

A

protection

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9
Q

what is the function of the ceruminous glands

A

produce wax (sticky = protective)

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10
Q

what is inflammation of the skin lining of the external ear called

A

otitis externa

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11
Q

what is the function of the middle ear

A

lever system to make bigger vibrations

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12
Q

what is the ear drum known as

A

tympanic membrane

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13
Q

what covers the tympanic membrane

A

very thin skin

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14
Q

what instrument do you use to look into an ear with

A

auriscope

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15
Q

what epithelium lines the middle ear

A

respiratory

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16
Q

what are the ossicles of the middle ear

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
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17
Q

what does the malleus attach to

A
  • handle attaches to the central part of the tympanic membrane (umbo)
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18
Q

what feature does the auriscope reflectioncreate on the tympanic membrane

A

cone of light

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19
Q

do middle ear infections tend to be acute or chronic

A

chronic

20
Q

why do they tend to be chronic

A

difficult to clear, tympanic membrane breaks down and pus leaks into auricle.

21
Q

where does the stapes sit

A

fenestra vestibuli

22
Q

what holds the stapes in the fenestra vestibuli

A

the angular ligament of the stapes

23
Q

what can be a cause of deafness in the elderly to do with the stapes

A

calcification of the ligament which stops the ligament from moving

24
Q

what happens to the sound which is gathered at the external ear

A
  • goes through lever system which amplifies the sound
  • tympanic membrane is around 20x the size of the stapes so small vibrations create a lot of movement in the stapes
  • this movement presses on the fluid in the internal ear
  • fenestra cochliae bulges towards the middle ear to compensate for the movement of fluid (you can’t compress a fluid)
  • special receptor cells in the internal ear then move and that turns into electrical signals to the brain
25
Q

how does new air get into the middle ear

A

through the auditory tube in the nasopharynx

26
Q

why does new air need to get into the middle ear

A

because the lining of the middle ear absorbs the air

27
Q

what holds the ossicles together and allows them to move

A
  • ligaments hold the ossicles together

- synovial joints allow them to move

28
Q

what is glue ear also known as

A

chronic otitis media with effusion

29
Q

what causes chronic otitis media with effusion

A
  • tends to be young children
  • often have had sore throats
  • overgrowth of tubal tonsils which blocks auditory tube
  • goblet cells become more active and mucous builds up
30
Q

what is a sign of chronic otitis media with effusion

A
  • air bubble at the typmanic membrane
31
Q

how does a child with chronic otitis media usually present

A

deaf in that ear

32
Q

why does the mucous cause a child with chronic otits media with effusion to be deaf

A

the mucus stops the ossicles from being able to move

33
Q

how does chronic otitis media with effusion usually resolve

A
  • grow out of it as tissues get bigger
  • tubal tonsil returns to normal size
  • mucous gets absorbed by lining

nb a ventilation tube can be used if it doesn’t

34
Q

what is the area that the ossicles are in called

A

tympanic cavity

35
Q

what is next to the tympanic cavity

A

mastoid antrum

36
Q

how would you treat infection if it spread to the mastoid antrum

A

probably surgery

37
Q

what nerve runs close to the middle ear

A

facial nerve

38
Q

what muscle reduces the effects of a very loud sound by securing the handle of the malleus

A

tensor tympani muscle

39
Q

what muscle reduces the effects of a very loud sound by securing the upper part of the arch of the stapes

A

stapedius muscle

40
Q

what supplies the tensor tympani muscle

A

CNV

41
Q

what supplies the stapedius muscle

A

CNVII

42
Q

why might sound be louder with facial palsy

A

because stapedius muscle wouldn’t be working so stapes wouldn’t be held down if a loud sound happened

43
Q

what are the two parts of the internal ear called

A
  • cochlear

- semicurcular canals

44
Q

what happens in the cochlear

A

sound is transmitted into electrical impluses to brain which then interprets the sound

45
Q

what is the function of the semicircular canals

A

balance

BDS3 Head and neck anatomy (19 decks)

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