Week 1 Quiz 2 – Chapter 2 & 3 Practice

Question 1

the term ___ refers to a membrane that allows some things to pass through it, but not others

Answer 1

selectively permeable

Question 2

the number of particles of a solute in a solution is described by its ___.

The ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell is referred to as its ___

Answer 2

osmolarity

tonicity

Question 3

T or F:

microvilli and cilia differ in their function, but have the same internal structure

Answer 3

false

Question 4

a protein that is bound to a carbohydrate is called a ___

Answer 4

glycoprotein

Question 5

T or F:

a crystal of calcium phosphate in the cytoplasm of a cells should be classified as an inclusion

Answer 5

true

Question 6

water flows thru a selectively permeable membrane in a process called ___,

but water molecules cross the membrane more easily thru channels of transmembrane proteins called ___.

Answer 6

osmosis

aquaporins

Question 7

T or F:

ribosomes are made of proteins and RNA

Answer 7

true

Question 8

proteins that do not protrude into the phospholipid bilayer, but adhere to the surface of the plasma membrane, are called ___.

Answer 8

peripheral proteins

Question 9

T or F:

in most cells, the nucleus is the largest organelle

Answer 9

true

Question 10

T or F:

a cell’s second messengers serve to transport material thru cellular membranes

Answer 10

false

Question 11

___ provide motility to a sperm cell, and ___ act as sensory “antennae” in many cells, and ___ increase a cell’s surface area.

Answer 11

flagella

cilia

microvilli

Question 12

the fluid outside of a cell is called ___

Answer 12

extracellular fluid

Question 13

the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) pump transports both sodium and potassium ___ their concentration gradients in a process called ___.

Answer 13

up

active transport

Question 14

___ is the process in which ___ forces water and small solutes, such as salts, through narrow clefts b/n capillary cells

Answer 14

filtration

hydrostatic pressure

Question 15

what do facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common?

Answer 15

both are examples are carrier-mediated transport

Question 16

which of the following processes requires the use of energy?

Answer 16

active transport

Question 17

channel protein gates respond to these stimuli

Answer 17

changes in electrical potential (voltage) across a cellular membrane

physical deformation of a cellular membrane

chemical messengers

ligands

Question 18

which function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed?

Answer 18

protein synthesis

Question 19

rate of reaction decreases from…

Answer 19

decreased concentration of reactants

decreased temperature

absence of enzymes

Question 20

rate of reaction increases from…

Answer 20

increased concentration of reactants

increased temperature

presence of catalysts

Question 21

solubility (def)

Answer 21

the ability to be dissolved, especially in water

Question 22

which of the following statements is correct regarding the biological properties of water

Answer 22

not only does water ionize many other chemicals such as acids and salts, but water itself ionizes into H+ and OH-

Question 23

hydrophilic:

Answer 23

ions
carbohydrates
water
polar compounds
glucose

Question 24

hydrophobic:

Answer 24

lipids
triglycerides
cholesterol
oil

Question 25

what is carbon especially well suited to serve as the structural foundation of many biological molecules?

Answer 25

carbon has 4 valence electrons, so it bonds w/ other atoms that can provide it w/ 4 more to complete its valence shell

Question 26

T or F: inside of living cells, polymerization is achieved by means of dehydration. A hydroxyl (-OH) group is removed from one monomer and a hydrogen (-H) from another.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

solvency (def)

Answer 27

ability to dissolve other chemicals