Lab 6 – Bone and cartilage histology and the skeleton Flashcards
bone components and what they do
collagen fibers –provide tensile strength
calcium phosphate – provides compressional strength
skeleton plays at least ___ roles
6
6 roles that the skeleton plays
support
protection
movement
electrolyte balance
acid-base balance
blood formation
bones can be divided on the basis of their ___
5 shape types are
shape
long
short
flat
irregular
round/sesamoid
bone structure:
long
longer than they are wide
act as levers
ex. humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals
bone structure:
short
about equal in length and width (like a cube)
function to transfer forces
ex. bones of wrist and ankle
bone structure:
flat
broad and thin
allow for attachment of muscle and protect underlying tissue
ex. bones of skull, ribs, scapulae
bone structure:
irregular
wide variety of shapes
often have projections that serve as attachment sites for muscle
ex. vertebrae
bone structure:
round/sesamoid
often round in shape
occur w/ tendons at joints that endure a lot of pressure
ex. some bones of wrist and patella (kneecap)
axial skeleton
bones that support and protect organs of the head, neck and trunk
appendicular skeleton
bones of limbs and pectoral and pelvic girdles
osteoblasts (function)
bone growth
produce and secrete bone matrix
can mature into osteocytes
osteocytes (function)
maintains bone matrix
mature osteoblasts
sense and communicates any stress on the bone to the osteoblasts and osteoclasts
osteoclasts (function)
breaks down bone tissue
process is called resorption
there are ___ types of cartilage w/in body
3
hyaline cartilage (locations)
ear, nose, respiratory system, where ribs attach to sternum, articular surfaces of bones
hyaline cartilage (function)
gives structures some form while allowing for some flexibility
functions as shock absorber
reduces friction b/n bones
fibrocartilage (location)
pubis symphysis
intervertebral discs
fibrocartilage (function)
provides rigidity and structural support to resist shear forces and compression
elastic cartilage (location)
ear and epiglottis
elastic cartilage (function)
maintains shape of ear and epiglottis while allowing a lot of flexibility
compact (cortical) bone forms the ___
dense, outer layer of a bone
compact (cortical) bone provides ___
strength, protection, and movement to the body
role in storing and releasing calcium into bloodstream
compact (cortical) bone is made up of many functional units called ___ ___, or ___
Haversian systems
osteons
osteocytes sit in ___ w/in ___, and communicate w/ nerves and vessels in the Haversian canal, and w/ each other, via tiny channels called ___
lacunae w/in osteons
caniliculi
structural features of compact (cortical) and their functions:
canaliculus
allows osteocytes to communicate w/ each other and the Haversian canal via cytoplasmic processes
structural features of compact (cortical) and their functions:
lacuna
hosts an osteocyte in a small, fluid-filled space
structural features of compact (cortical) and their functions:
Haversian canal
provides a pathway for nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels
structural features of compact (cortical) and their functions:
osteon
resists mechanical stress and strengthens bones
structural features of compact (cortical) and their functions:
osteocytes
responds to mechanical stimuli, communicates w/ osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and regulates the bone matrix
cancellous (spongy) bone makes up ~___% of a person’s total bone mass
20%
cancellous (spongy) bone forms the…
porous, internal portion of a bone
cancellous bone is highly ___ and contains ___
vascularized
bone marrow
compact bone makes up ~___% of a person’s total bone mass
80%
