9.2 – Synovial Joints

Question 1

which type of joint is most likely to develop dysfunction due to its complexity?

Answer 1

synovial

Question 2

what comprises the outer layer of a synovial joint capsule?

Answer 2

fibrous capsule

Question 3

what is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 3

lubrication

Question 4

what is the hyaline cartilage found at the end of the bones w/in a synovial joint called?

Answer 4

articular cartilage

Question 5

within the skeletal anatomy, what supplies the effort?

Answer 5

muscle contraction

Question 6

within a lever system, what is the resistance arm?

Answer 6

the portion of the lever from the fulcrum to the point of resistance

Question 7

the inner layer of a joint capsule that secretes synovial fluid is called the ___ membrane

Answer 7

synovial

Question 8

mechanical advantage is the ratio of what to what?

Answer 8

a lever’s output force to its input force

Question 9

which are parts of a joint capsule?

Answer 9

synovial membrane
fibrous capsule

Question 10

a lever that would produce more speed or distance (but less force) than the force exerted on it would represent which of the following?

Answer 10

a lever w/ mechanical advantage of less than 1.0

Question 11

which class is a lever with the fulcrum located b/n the effort and resistance?

Answer 11

first

Question 12

w/in a musculoskeletal lever system, what is the fulcrum?

Answer 12

joints

Question 13

w/in a lever system, what is the portion of the lever from the fulcrum to the point of resistance called?

Answer 13

resistance arm

Question 14

what describes a second-class lever?

Answer 14

the resistance is located b/n the fulcrum and effort

Question 15

what is the ratio of a lever’s output force to its input force called?

Answer 15

mechanical advantage

Question 16

what describes a third-class lever?

Answer 16

the effort is located b/n the resistance and the fulcrum

Question 17

if a lever’s mechanical advantage is less than 1.0, which of the following is true?

Answer 17

the lever produces more speed or distance (but less force) than the force exerted on it

Question 18

if a lever’s mechanical advantage is less than 1.0, which of the following is true?

Answer 18

the lever produces more speed or distance (but less force) than the force exerted on it

Question 19

what kind of synovial joint is the trapeziometacarpal joint?

Answer 19

saddle joint (biaxial)

Question 20

what kind of synovial joint is the ulnar-humeral joint?

Answer 20

hinge joint (monoaxial)

Question 21

what kind of synovial joint is a joint b/n carpal bones?

Answer 21

plane joint (biaxial)

Question 22

what kind of synovial joint is a glenohumeral joint?

Answer 22

ball-and-socket joint (multiaxial)

Question 23

what kind of synovial joint is the radioulnar joint?

Answer 23

pivot joint (monoaxial)

Question 24

what kind of synovial joint is the metacarpophalangeal joint?

Answer 24

condylar joint (biaxial)

Question 25

extension fo the arm at the elbow is an example of what type of lever system?

Answer 25

3rd class

Question 26

when one is standing in anatomical position, joints are said to be in what position?

Answer 26

zero position

Question 27

w/in the skeletal anatomy, what supplies the effort?

Answer 27

muscle contraction

Question 28

sitting in a chair and raising one thigh is an example of what class of lever system?

Answer 28

2nd

Question 29

a joint that is extended beyond zero position is said to be what?

Answer 29

hyperextended

Question 30

the forearm acts as what type of lever when you flex your elbow?

Answer 30

3rd class

Question 31

what is moving a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body called?

Answer 31

abduction

Question 32

the humeroulnar joint is an example of which type of synovial joint?

Answer 32

hinge

Question 33

which movement lowers a body part vertically in the frontal plane?

Answer 33

depression

Question 34

when describing musculoskeletal movement from the perspective of anatomical position, joints that have not yet begun to move are said to be in the ___ position

Answer 34

zero

Question 35

in which movement does a bone spin on its longitudinal axis?

Answer 35

rotation

Question 36

curling a dumbbell is an example of which action at the elbow?

Answer 36

flexion

Question 37

a movement that turns the palm forward or upward is called

Answer 37

supination

Question 38

T or F: extending a joint beyond the zero position is always an abnormal movement

Answer 38

F (hyperextending the wrist is a normal movement although hyperextending the knee would be abnormal)

Question 39

which 2 characteristics describe adduction?

Answer 39

a movement along the frontal plane a movement towards the midline of the body

Question 40

bending at the waist to either the left or right side is an example of which movement?

Answer 40

lateral flexion

Question 41

which movement raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane?

Answer 41

elevation

Question 42

which action is illustrated by twisting at the waist so the chest faces to the left?

Answer 42

left rotation

Question 43

which describes pronation?

Answer 43

turning the palm downward or posteriorly

Question 44

a joint that is extended beyond zero position is said to be what?

Answer 44

hyperextended

Question 45

which 2 characteristics describe rotation?

Answer 45

a posterior movement of a bone movement along a transverse plane

Question 46

which movement is illustrated by tilting your head to the right or left of the midline in the frontal plane?

Answer 46

lateral flexion

Question 47

reaching forward to open a door involves which action of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 47

protraction

Question 48

which of the following describes elevation?

Answer 48

a bone is raised vertically

Question 49

what is movement of the foot upwards, as when walking on your heels, called?

Answer 49

dorsiflexion

Question 50

turning the head to look to the right side is an example of which movement?

Answer 50

right rotation

Question 51

turning the sole of the foot laterally is called what?

Answer 51

eversion

Question 52

a movement that turns the palm forward or upward is called ___

Answer 52

supination

Question 53

the joint that is the articulation b/n the arm and shoulder, also known as the shoulder joint is called the ___ joint

Answer 53

glenohumeral or humeroscauplar

Question 54

what is moving a body part posteriorly in the transverse plane called?

Answer 54

retraction

Question 55

what are 2 characteristics of protraction?

Answer 55

movement along the transverse plane an anterior movement of the bone

Question 56

what is the movement of toes downward, as when jumping or stepping on a gas pedal, called?

Answer 56

plantar flexion

Question 57

when one turns the sole of the too laterally, this movement is called ___

Answer 57

eversion

Question 58

reaching forward to open a door involves which action of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 58

protraction

Question 59

movement of the foot so that the toes are elevated off of the ground is called ___

Answer 59

dorsiflexion