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BIOL 203 – Anatomy & Physiology > 5.5 – Cellular junctions, glands, and membranes > Flashcards

5.5 – Cellular junctions, glands, and membranes Flashcards

1
Q

the connections b/n one cell and another are called ___

A

cellular junctions

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2
Q

cellular junctions (functions)

A

enable cells to resist stress, communicate w/ each other, and control the movement of substances thru tissues

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3
Q

tight junctions (physical characteristics)

A

completely encircles an epithelial cell near its apical surface and joins it tightly tot he neighboring cells

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4
Q

the type of cell junction that holds cells together and seals off the space b/n adjacent cells making it difficult for substances to pass b/n them is a ___ junction

A

tight

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5
Q

what are the 2 broad classes of glands?

A

endocrine and exocrine

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6
Q

exocrine glands are classified according to their architecture – the ___ of their ducts and the appearance and extent of their ___

A

branching of their ducts

appearance and extent of their secretory portions

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7
Q

exocrine gland classifications:

simple

A

exocrine gland w/ a single, unbranched duct

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8
Q

exocrine gland classifications:

compound

A

exocrine gland w/ a branched duct

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9
Q

exocrine gland classifications:

tubular

A

if the exocrine gland’s duct and secretory portion are of uniform diameter

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10
Q

exocrine gland classifications:

acinar

A

if the exocrine gland’s secretory cells form a dilated sac, the gland is called acinar and the sac is an acinus/alveolus

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11
Q

exocrine gland classifications:

tubuloacinar (tubuloalveolar) gland

A

a gland w/ secretory cells in both the tubular and acinar portions

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12
Q

how would an exocrine gland that is branched w/ sacs at the end of each branch be classified?

A

compound acinar

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13
Q

smooth, skeletal, and cardiac are types of which tissue?

A

muscular

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14
Q

glands are classified not only by their structure but also by the nature of their ___

A

secretions

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15
Q

glands based on types of secretions:

serous glands (characteristics)

A

produce relatively thin, watery fluids (such as perspiration, milk, tears, and digestive juices)

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16
Q

glands based on types of secretions:

mucous glands (characteristics)

A

found in the oral and nasal cavities, among other places

secrete a glycoprotein called mucin –> mucin absorbs water and forms mucus

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17
Q

goblet cells are unicellular ___ glands

A

mucous

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18
Q

glands based on types of secretions:

mixed glands (characteristics)

A

ex. 2 pairs of salivary glands in the chin

contain both serous and mucous cells

produce a mixture of the 2 types of secretion

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19
Q

which glands produce relatively thin, watery fluids?

A

serous

20
Q

what best describes tight junctions?

A

they consist of transmembrane cell-adhesion proteins around the upper part of a cell and hold neighboring cells together

21
Q

exocrine glands are classified into ___, ___, and ___ types according to how they release their secretions

A

eccrine, apocrine, and holocrine

22
Q

exocrine glands are classified eccrine, apocrine, and holocrine types according to how they release their ___

A

secretions

23
Q

gland types based on modes of secretion:

eccrine secretion

A

aka merocrine glands

release their products by means of exocytosis

include the tear glands, salivary glands, pancreas, and most others

mammary glands secrete milk sugar and proteins by this method

24
Q

gland types based on modes of secretion:

apocrine secretion

A

ex. secretes fat by a cell of the mammary gland

25
Q

gland types based on modes of secretion:

holocrine secretion

A

cells accumulate a product and then the entire cell disintegrates –> becomes the secretion instead of releasing one (cell lysis)

tend to be relatively thick and oily, composed of cell fragments and the substances the cells had synthesized before disintegrating

ex. secretion by a sebaceous (oil) gland of the scalp

26
Q

merocrine glands release their secretions by which process?

A

exocytosis

27
Q

gland (def)

A

a cell or organ that secretes substances for use elsewhere in the body or for elimination as waste

28
Q

by definition, a ___ is a cell or organ that secretes substances for use elsewhere in the body

A

gland

29
Q

how do holocrine glands release their secretions?

A

cel lysis

30
Q

which glands secrete hormones?

A

endocrine

31
Q

an exocrine gland w/ a branched gland is said to be ___

A

compound

32
Q

which glands secrete a glycoprotein called mucin?

A

mucous glands

33
Q

membranes may be composed of ___ tissue only; ___ tissue only; or ___, ___, and ___ tissue

A

epithelial tissue only
connective tissue only
epithelial, connective, and muscular tissue

34
Q

the 2 principal kinds of internal membranes are ___ and ___ membranes

A

mucous and serous

35
Q

the largest membrane of the body is the ___ membrane

A

cutaneous
AKA the skin

36
Q

cutaneous, mucous, and serous are terms that refer to which of the following?

A

membranes

37
Q

glands classified as ___ glands release their secretions by exocytosis

A

merocrine

38
Q

glands classified as merocrine glands release their secretions by ___

A

exocytosis

39
Q

exocrine glands that release their secretions by disintegrating are classified as ___ glands

A

holocrine

40
Q

exocrine glands that release their secretions by ___ are classified as holocrine glands

A

disintegrating

41
Q

which type of gland consists of a secretory region and a duct running to a surface?

A

exocrine

42
Q

how would an exocrine gland that is branched w/ sacs at the end of each branch be classified?

A

compound acinar

43
Q

what are the 3 main types of body membranes?

A

cutaneous
mucous
serous

44
Q

how do holocrine glands release their secretions?

A

cell lysis

45
Q

cutaneous, mucous, and serous are terms that refer to which of the following?

A

membranes

BIOL 203 – Anatomy & Physiology (58 decks)

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