5.5 – Cellular junctions, glands, and membranes

Question 1

the connections b/n one cell and another are called ___

Answer 1

cellular junctions

Question 2

cellular junctions (functions)

Answer 2

enable cells to resist stress, communicate w/ each other, and control the movement of substances thru tissues

Question 3

tight junctions (physical characteristics)

Answer 3

completely encircles an epithelial cell near its apical surface and joins it tightly tot he neighboring cells

Question 4

the type of cell junction that holds cells together and seals off the space b/n adjacent cells making it difficult for substances to pass b/n them is a ___ junction

Answer 4

tight

Question 5

what are the 2 broad classes of glands?

Answer 5

endocrine and exocrine

Question 6

exocrine glands are classified according to their architecture – the ___ of their ducts and the appearance and extent of their ___

Answer 6

branching of their ducts

appearance and extent of their secretory portions

Question 7

exocrine gland classifications:

simple

Answer 7

exocrine gland w/ a single, unbranched duct

Question 8

exocrine gland classifications:

compound

Answer 8

exocrine gland w/ a branched duct

Question 9

exocrine gland classifications:

tubular

Answer 9

if the exocrine gland’s duct and secretory portion are of uniform diameter

Question 10

exocrine gland classifications:

acinar

Answer 10

if the exocrine gland’s secretory cells form a dilated sac, the gland is called acinar and the sac is an acinus/alveolus

Question 11

exocrine gland classifications:

tubuloacinar (tubuloalveolar) gland

Answer 11

a gland w/ secretory cells in both the tubular and acinar portions

Question 12

how would an exocrine gland that is branched w/ sacs at the end of each branch be classified?

Answer 12

compound acinar

Question 13

smooth, skeletal, and cardiac are types of which tissue?

Answer 13

muscular

Question 14

glands are classified not only by their structure but also by the nature of their ___

Answer 14

secretions

Question 15

glands based on types of secretions:

serous glands (characteristics)

Answer 15

produce relatively thin, watery fluids (such as perspiration, milk, tears, and digestive juices)

Question 16

glands based on types of secretions:

mucous glands (characteristics)

Answer 16

found in the oral and nasal cavities, among other places

secrete a glycoprotein called mucin –> mucin absorbs water and forms mucus

Question 17

goblet cells are unicellular ___ glands

Answer 17

mucous

Question 18

glands based on types of secretions:

mixed glands (characteristics)

Answer 18

ex. 2 pairs of salivary glands in the chin

contain both serous and mucous cells

produce a mixture of the 2 types of secretion

Question 19

which glands produce relatively thin, watery fluids?

Answer 19

serous

Question 20

what best describes tight junctions?

Answer 20

they consist of transmembrane cell-adhesion proteins around the upper part of a cell and hold neighboring cells together

Question 21

exocrine glands are classified into ___, ___, and ___ types according to how they release their secretions

Answer 21

eccrine, apocrine, and holocrine

Question 22

exocrine glands are classified eccrine, apocrine, and holocrine types according to how they release their ___

Answer 22

secretions

Question 23

gland types based on modes of secretion:

eccrine secretion

Answer 23

aka merocrine glands

release their products by means of exocytosis

include the tear glands, salivary glands, pancreas, and most others

mammary glands secrete milk sugar and proteins by this method

Question 24

gland types based on modes of secretion:

apocrine secretion

Answer 24

ex. secretes fat by a cell of the mammary gland

Question 25

gland types based on modes of secretion: holocrine secretion

Answer 25

cells accumulate a product and then the entire cell disintegrates --> becomes the secretion instead of releasing one (cell lysis) tend to be relatively thick and oily, composed of cell fragments and the substances the cells had synthesized before disintegrating ex. secretion by a sebaceous (oil) gland of the scalp

Question 26

merocrine glands release their secretions by which process?

Answer 26

exocytosis

Question 27

gland (def)

Answer 27

a cell or organ that secretes substances for use elsewhere in the body or for elimination as waste

Question 28

by definition, a ___ is a cell or organ that secretes substances for use elsewhere in the body

Answer 28

gland

Question 29

how do holocrine glands release their secretions?

Answer 29

cel lysis

Question 30

which glands secrete hormones?

Answer 30

endocrine

Question 31

an exocrine gland w/ a branched gland is said to be ___

Answer 31

compound

Question 32

which glands secrete a glycoprotein called mucin?

Answer 32

mucous glands

Question 33

membranes may be composed of ___ tissue only; ___ tissue only; or ___, ___, and ___ tissue

Answer 33

epithelial tissue only connective tissue only epithelial, connective, and muscular tissue

Question 34

the 2 principal kinds of internal membranes are ___ and ___ membranes

Answer 34

mucous and serous

Question 35

the largest membrane of the body is the ___ membrane

Answer 35

cutaneous AKA the skin

Question 36

cutaneous, mucous, and serous are terms that refer to which of the following?

Answer 36

membranes

Question 37

glands classified as ___ glands release their secretions by exocytosis

Answer 37

merocrine

Question 38

glands classified as merocrine glands release their secretions by ___

Answer 38

exocytosis

Question 39

exocrine glands that release their secretions by disintegrating are classified as ___ glands

Answer 39

holocrine

Question 40

exocrine glands that release their secretions by ___ are classified as holocrine glands

Answer 40

disintegrating

Question 41

which type of gland consists of a secretory region and a duct running to a surface?

Answer 41

exocrine

Question 42

how would an exocrine gland that is branched w/ sacs at the end of each branch be classified?

Answer 42

compound acinar

Question 43

what are the 3 main types of body membranes?

Answer 43

cutaneous mucous serous

Question 44

how do holocrine glands release their secretions?

Answer 44

cell lysis

Question 45

cutaneous, mucous, and serous are terms that refer to which of the following?

Answer 45

membranes