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BIOL 203 – Anatomy & Physiology > DNA vs. RNA > Flashcards

DNA vs. RNA Flashcards

1
Q

sugar (DNA vs. RNA)

A

DNA: deoxyribose
RNA: ribose

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2
Q

types of nitrogenous bases (DNA vs. RNA)

A

DNA: A, T, C, G
RNA: A, U, C, G

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3
Q

number of nitrogenous bases (DNA vs. RNA)

A

DNA: avg 10^8 base pairs
RNA: 70-10,000 bases, mostly unpaired

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4
Q

number of nucleotide chains (DNA vs. RNA)

A

DNA: 2 (double helix)
RNA: 1

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5
Q

site of action (DNA vs. RNA)

A

DNA: functions in nucleus, cannot leave
RNA: leaves nucleus, functions mainly in cytoplasm

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6
Q

function (DNA vs. RNA)

A

DNA: codes for synthesis of RNA and protein
RNA: carries out the instructions in DNA; assembles proteins

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7
Q

a 3-base sequence of mRNA is called a ___

A

codon

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8
Q

which term refers to a sequence of 3 DNA nucleotides that codes for 1 amino acid?

A

base triplet

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9
Q

what is an essential function of RNA?

A

to use the instructions coded in DNA to synthesize proteins

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10
Q

DNA molecules tend to be much ___ than molecules of RNA

A

larger

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11
Q

where does the making of mRNA from DNA take place?

A

in the nucleus

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12
Q

the step from DNA to mRNA is called ___

A

transcription

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13
Q

the step from mRNA to protein is called ___

A

translation

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14
Q

transcription occurs in the ___, where ___ is

A

nucleus
DNA

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15
Q

most translation occurs in the ___ but can also occur in the ___

A

cytoplasm
nucleus

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16
Q

each amino acid is coded for by a ___, a sequence of ___ DNA nucleotides

A

base triplet
3

17
Q

which enzyme is responsible for transcribing DNA?

A

RNA polymerase

18
Q

which statement best summarizes the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

A

DNA contains the genetic doe that determines the Aino acid sequences of proteins

19
Q

which term refers to the conversion of nucleotide sequences into amino acid sequences?

A

translation

20
Q

which term refers to a sequence of 3 DNA nucleotides that codes for 1 amino acid?

a ___ is a 3-base sequence in mRNA

an ___ is a 3-base sequence in tRNA

A

base triplet

codon

anticodon

21
Q

transcription is the process of typing genetic instructions from a molecule of ___ to mRNA

A

DNA

22
Q

which molecule carries the genetic doe from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

A

mRNA

23
Q

the enzyme RNA polymerase participates in which of the following processes?

A

transcription

24
Q

the process of reading an mRNA molecule and synthesizing the protein encoded in its nucleotide sequence is known as ___

A

translation

25
Q

order of translation

A

1) ribosome binds mRNA

2) a tRNA anticodon binds to a complementary mRNA codon

3) a new amino acid is linked to the growing peptide chain

4) the tRNA is released from the ribosome and is now available to pick up another amino acid

26
Q

since there are no genes coding for carbohydrates, nucleic acids, or lipids, how do cells produce them?

A

genes encode enzymes that synthesize these products

27
Q

what is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

A

it carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

28
Q

what is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

A

it stays w/in the nucleus and serves as the template for transcription

29
Q

what is the role of RNA polymerase in protein synthesis?

A

it opens the DNA helix and reads the base from 1 strand of DNA

30
Q

what is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

A

it binds free amino acids and delivers them to the ribosome to be added to a growing protein chain

31
Q

anticodons are found on which type of molecule?

A

tRNA

32
Q

___ are the cell structures that process coded genetic messages and assemble amino acids into proteins

A

ribosomes

33
Q

genes mostly only synthesize ___

A

proteins

34
Q

digestive enzymes are ___

A

secreted by exocytosis

35
Q

sodium-potassium pumps are ___

A

delivered to the plasma membrane

36
Q

kinases, ATPases are ___

A

used in the cytosol as metabolic enzymes

37
Q

histones, RNA polymerase are ___

A

returned to the nucleus for cellular metabolism

38
Q

there are no genes for glycogen, fat, steroids, phospholipids, and many other compounds, yet their synthesis is under indirect genetic control

A

these cell products are produced by enzymatic reactions, and enzymes are proteins encoded by genes

BIOL 203 – Anatomy & Physiology (58 decks)

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