3.1-3.3 Flashcards
tissue fluid is also called ___
interstitial fluid
___ is formed from ATP an dis the most common second messenger
cyclic AMP
the layer of carbohydrates coating a cell membrane is called the ___
glycocalyx
ion channels (def)
integral proteins of cell membrane that allows ions to pass through
flagella (def and function)
type of surface extension
propulsion of cell
microvilli (def and function)
type of surface extension
increase surface area, as for absorption
cilia (def and function)
type of surface extension
move a substance along a cell surface
cyclic AMP activates cellular enzymes known as ___
kinases
the fluidity of the plasma membrane is primarily provided by the ___
phospholipids
what are examples of passive transport?
filtration
pass diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
components of the plasma membrane called ___ and ___ help form the glycocalyx
glycoproteins
glycolipids
cilia (structure)
short ‘hairs’ w/ axoneme cores
flagellum (structure)
single long structure w/ an axoneme core
microvilli (structure)
folds of cell membrane; may have actin core
cell receptors are sometimes linked to which type of intracellular peripheral protein?
G peripheral protein
would this increase rate of diffusion?
increased concentration difference
yes
would this increase rate of diffusion?
increased cell surface area
yes
would this increase rate of diffusion?
decreased molecular weight of diffusing compound
yes
would this increase rate of diffusion?
increased temperature
yes
transport mechanisms like filtration, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis are examples of which of the following forms of transport?
passive
filtration (def)
process in which a physical pressure forces fluid thru a selectively permeable membrane
movement of gas molecules b/n air in lungs and the blood or b/n blood and the tissues is by which process?
diffusion
which can readily diffuse thru a cell membrane?
nonpolar molecules
lipid-soluble molecules
hydrophobic molecules
small molecules
smaller molecules diffuse ___ larger molecules
faster than
the greater or steeper the concentration gradient, the ___ the rate of diffusion
faster
osmosis (def)
diffusion of water down its concentration gradient thru a selectively permeable membrane
is facilitated diffusion an example of passive transport?
yes
tonicity (def)
the ability of a solution to cause osmosis, affecting volume and pressure in the cell
aquaporins (what are they)
membrane channels that allow the movement of water across a membrane
what salt solution would be isotonic to human red blood cells?
0.9%
the greater the concentration of a non permeating solute present in a solution, the ___ the osmotic pressure of that solution
higher
tonicity (def)
ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure in a cell
carrier-mediated transport
solute binds to a carrier in the plasma membrane that then changes shape and releases the solute to the other side of the membrane
a hypotonic solution has a ___ osmotic pressure than the intracellular fluid of the cel and tends to cause somatic swelling and lysis of cells
lower
3 examples of carrier-mediated transport
facilitated diffusion
primary active transport
secondary active transport
a ___ solution has a higher osmotic pressure than the intracellular fluid of cells and tends to cause the cells to undergo osmotic shrinkage
higher tonic = higher solute concentration = higher osmotic pressure –> hypertonic
what membrane transport process consumes ATP and uses a carrier?
active
the ___ assures that the ECF concentration of sodium remains much higher than the ICF concentration
sodium-potassium pump
what is a protein that participates in transmembrane transport called?
a carrier
vesicular transport (what does it do)
moves large particles, droplets of fluid, or numerous molecules at once thru the membrane, contained in bubblelike vesicles of membrane
2 types of vesicular transport (and what they do)
endocytosis – vesicular process that brings matter into cell
exocytosis – vesicular process that release matter out of cell
both endocytosis and exocytosis employ motor proteins whose movements are energized by ATP
which form of vesicular transport uses motor proteins to bring Sufi and solutes into the cell?
endocytosis
in which process do receptors bind their ligand, cluster together into a pit, and then are taken into the cell w/in a vesicle?
receptor-mediated endocytosis
the Na+ – K+ pump moves ___ Na+ ions from the ICF to the ECF while simultaneously moving ___ K+ ions from the ECF into the ICF
3, 2
exocytosis (what happens)
secretory vesicle fuses w/ a cell membrane and releases its contents into the extracellular space
carrier-mediated transport (how does it work)
solute binds to a carrier in the plasma membrane that then changes shape and releases the solute to the other side of the membrane
what are the 3 types of endocytosis?
receptor-mediated
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
phagocytosis (what is it)
a type of endocytosis
“cell eating”
process of engulfing particles such as bacteria, dust, and cellular debris
receptor-mediated endocytosis (what is it)
form of vesicular transport
receptors bind a ligand then cluster into pits that pinch off into vesicles
