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BIOC3021 > Water, pH, Buffers > Flashcards

Water, pH, Buffers Flashcards

1
Q

water is an ____ molecule

A

active

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2
Q

What are the two major roles of water in biological systems?

A

maintain 3D structure, actively participates in reactions

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3
Q

When DNA and RNA are covalently linked, a water molecule is ____

A

released

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4
Q

Protein digestion does what with water?

A

uses up

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5
Q

What happens when DNA is dried out?

A

the structure is changed and it does not function normally

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6
Q

What has a relatively ___ BP

A

high

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7
Q

When water is heated, H bonds are broken more ____

A

rapidly

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8
Q

Electrons are drawn to which element in water?

A

O

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9
Q

Electrons are drawn away from which element in water?

A

H

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10
Q

Electronegative O and the H atoms form what type of moment?

A

dipole

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11
Q

Is water polar or non-polar?

A

polar

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12
Q

H-bonds in liquid water are ____ lived

A

short

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13
Q

What besides charge causes the dipole moment of water?

A

bond angle is not 180 (is 104.3)

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14
Q

The H of one water molecule bonds to the ___ of the other water molecule

A

O

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15
Q

O can make ____ H bonds at a time

A

2

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16
Q

H can make ____ H bonds at a time

A

1

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17
Q

H2O can make ____ H bonds at a time

A

4

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18
Q

What state of water has a fixed, 3D network with an open lattice structure?

A

solid

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19
Q

Ice has a ____ density

A

low

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20
Q

Why does ice float on water?

A

it is less dense

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21
Q

Water is a _____ solvent

A

good

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22
Q

What does the ability of water to be a good solvent depend on?

A

the chemical nature of what is being mixed

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23
Q

What type of substances does water form hydrogen shells around?

A

ionic

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24
Q

Water forms a _____ when making a hydrogen shell

A

fixed coating

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25
Q

What is a clathrate structure?

A

cage like

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26
Q

What type of molecules does water make a clathrate structure around?

A

hydrophobic

27
Q

Do hydrophobic molecules directly interact with water?

A

no

28
Q

Water interacts with what part of the hydrophobic molecule?

A

surface

29
Q

What is another term for nonpolar solute molecules?

A

hydrophobic

30
Q

Water forms micelles around what type of molecule?

A

amphiphilic

31
Q

What is an amphiphilic molecule?

A

2 chemical natures in 1 molecule

32
Q

Fatty acids have a ____ head

A

polar

33
Q

Fatty acids have a ____ tail

A

non-polar

34
Q

What is the nonpolar tail of fatty acids made of?

A

C-H bonds

35
Q

Why are C-H bond chains hydrophobic?

A

They have no interactive chemical group present

36
Q

What shaped is a micelle?

A

sphere

37
Q

What type of molecule forms a lipid bilayer?

A

a more complex amphiphilic molecule

38
Q

A lipid bilayer is a ___D structure

A

2

39
Q

Lipid bilayers are the same structure as biological _____

A

membranes

40
Q

The lipid bilayer acts as a ____ for small molecules

A

barrier

41
Q

The charged groups of an amphiphilic molecule ____ with water

A

interact

42
Q

Colligative properties depend on what?

A

number of solute particles per unit volume

43
Q

Colligative properties do not depend on what?

A

the chemical nature of the solute

44
Q

The more you mix in the ____ the freezing point

A

lower

45
Q

Water molecules move from the region of ____ H2O concentration to the region of _____ H2O concentration

A

higher, lower

46
Q

Osmotic pressure is important in what type of cells?

A

red blood cells

47
Q

What is pH a measure of?

A

hydrogen ion concentration

48
Q

A large H+ concentration is a ____ substance

A

acidic

49
Q

A small H+ concentration is a ____ substance

A

basic/ alkaline

50
Q

H+ concentration and OH- concentration are ______ related

A

inversely

51
Q

H+ and OH- concentrations are even when a substance is _____

A

neutral

52
Q

What is the physiological pH?

A

7.4

53
Q

What does a buffer do?

A

maintain pH value

54
Q

What must a pH be maintained?

A

to preserve structure and function

55
Q

Phosphate buffer system buffers _____

A

the intracellular fluid of cells

56
Q

Carbonate buffer system buffers _____

A

blood plasma

57
Q

In the phosphate buffer system, OH- is neutralized by _______ to make water and HPO42-

A

H2PO4-

58
Q

In the phosphate buffer system, H+ is neutralized by ______ to make H2PO4-

A

HPO42-

59
Q

In the carbonate buffer system, H+ is neutralized by ____ to make H2CO3

A

HCO3-

60
Q

In the carbonate buffer system, OH- is neutralized by ______ to make HCO3- and water

A

H2CO3

61
Q

Ions in solution interact with water to form____

A

hydrogen shells

62
Q

The structure of water is hexagonal because there are 6 water molecules in any H-bonded ___ ____

A

closed path

63
Q

Each integer on the pH scale increases or decreases H+ concentration by _____

A

tenfold

BIOC3021 (25 decks)

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