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BIOC3021 > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 actions of metabolic pathways?

A

break down nutrients, synthesize complex molecules, convert one molecule to another

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2
Q

catabolic pathways are also called ____

A

degrative

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3
Q

catabolic pathways break down ___ ____ obtained from the diet/cellular reserves to generate ____ energy

A

nutrient molecules, ATP

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4
Q

anabolic pathways are also called _____

A

biosynthetic

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5
Q

anabolic pathways synthesize ___ ___ ____ from simple ____

A

complex biological molecules, precursors

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6
Q

The the TCA cycle, the _____ are more important than the ___ ___

A

byproducts, final product

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7
Q

What part of ATP is important for energy storage and is high in energy?

A

beta and gamma phosphate bonds

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8
Q

____ use CO2 as their sole source of carbon to synthesize other compounds

A

autotrophs

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9
Q

plants are classified as what regarding sources of carbon?

A

autotrophs

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10
Q

____ require an organic form of carbon such as glucose

A

heterotrophs

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11
Q

animals/bacteria are classified as what regarding sources of carbon?

A

heterotrophs

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12
Q

____ are photosynthetic and use light as their source of energy

A

phototrophs

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13
Q

plants are classified as what in regard to source of energy?

A

phototrophs

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14
Q

____ use organic/dietary sources of energy

A

chemotrophs

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15
Q

animals are classified as what in regard to source of energy?

A

chemotrophs

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16
Q

_____ use O2 in energy-producing pathways

A

aerobes

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17
Q

____can exist without O2

A

anaerobes

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18
Q

animals are classified as what in regard to oxygen use?

A

aerobes

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19
Q

microbes are classified as what in regard to oxygen use?

A

anaerobes

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20
Q

anaerobes produce enough energy in ____ to not need O2

A

glycolosis

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21
Q

CO2, light, plants

A

photoautotrophs

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22
Q

organic cpds, light, nonsulfur purple bacteria

A

photoheterotrophs

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23
Q

CO2, oxidation reduction reactions, nitrifying bacteria

A

chemoautotrophs

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24
Q

organic cpds, oxidation reduction reactions, animals

A

chemoheterotrophs

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25
Q

what are the energy yielding nutrients in catabolic reactions?

A

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

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26
Q

what are the energy poor end products of catabolic reactions?

A

H2O, CO2, NH3

27
Q

what is the energetic byproduct of catabolic reactions?

A

NADH

28
Q

what are the precursor molecules of anabolic reactions?

A

amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, nitrogenous bases

29
Q

what are the cell macromolecule products of anaerobic reactions?

A

proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids

30
Q

____ is used up in anaerobic reactions

A

NADPH

31
Q

____ is produced in the glycolysis pathway and citric acid cycle

A

NADH

32
Q

_____ is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway

A

NADPH

33
Q

____ is important on NADH and NADPH structure

A

niacin (B3)

34
Q

___ pathways generate chemical energy in the form of ATP

A

exergonic

35
Q

are catabolic pathways exergonic or endergonic?

A

exergonic

36
Q

____ pathways use chemical energy of ATP to form new covalent bonds

A

endergonic

37
Q

are anabolic pathways exergonic or endergonic?

A

endergonic

38
Q

what is the most common enzyme pathway?

A

physically separate soluble enzymes

39
Q

what enzyme pathways is located in cellular cytoplasm and involves diffusing and moving?

A

physically separate, soluble enzymes

40
Q

what enzyme pathway has the enzymes linked together in a quaternary structure, and the substrate is passed alone the enzyme chain?

A

cytoplasmic multienzyme complexes

41
Q

what enzyme pathway involves enzymes that are associated with the outer cell membrane?

A

membrane-associated multienzyme complexes

42
Q

what are the 2 enzyme options of catabolic and anabolic pathways?

A

different and shared

43
Q

what enzyme option is preferred for catabolic and anabolic pathways?

A

different

44
Q

what is a key property of many enzymes?

A

they can catalyze both anabolic and catabolic reactions depending on circumstance

45
Q

____ is the stepwise degradation of glucose and other simple sugars to produce pyruvate

A

glycolysis

46
Q

what is the product of glycolosis?

A

pyruvate

47
Q

glycolysis is an ____ process

A

anaerobic

48
Q

glycolysis provides the precursors for aerobic processes such as _____

A

TCA cycle

49
Q

glycolysis provides __ ___ ___ ____ by generating ATP when oxygen is limited

A

short term energy sources

50
Q

what occurs in the first phase of glycolysis?

A

there are 5 enzyme catalyzed reactions that allow glucose molecules to be broken down into 3 molecules of glyceralydehyde-3-phosphate

51
Q

what occurs in the second phase of glycolysis?

A

five reactions covert the 2 molecules ofglyceralydehyde-3-phosphate into 2 molecules of pyruvate

52
Q

phase 1 of glycolysis consumes ____ molecules of ATP

A

2

53
Q

phase 2 of glycolysis generates ____ molecules of ATP

A

4

54
Q

what is the net number of ATP molecules produced by glycolysis?

A

2 (4-2)

55
Q

in aerobic cells, ___ carbon atoms of the 3-carbon pyruvate become the acetyl group of ____ ___ _____

A

2, acetyl co-A

56
Q

____ ____ _____ molecules are metabolized by the ___ _____ and ____ ____ to generate ATP

A

acetyl co-A, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorilation

57
Q

____ ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose entering glycolysis

A

30

58
Q

where are glycolysis enzymes located/the process occurs?

A

cytosol

59
Q

where are citric acid cycle enzymes located/the process occurs?

A

mitochondrial matrix

60
Q

where are electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation enzymes located/the process occurs?

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

61
Q

what byproducts are released by catabolism in the ATP cycle?

A

CO2, H2O

62
Q

How is ATP formed in plants?

A

photosynthesis

63
Q

__ and ___ are the fuels for the ATP cycle

A

NADH, FADH

BIOC3021 (25 decks)

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