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BIOC3021 > Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

code words that are 3 bases long can specify ____ amino acids

A

64

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2
Q

what is the start codon?

A

AUG

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3
Q

what are the 3 stop codons?

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

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4
Q

what codon is used the most in e coli?

A

CUG

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5
Q

what codon is used the least in coli?

A

CUA

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6
Q

what codon is used the most in humans?

A

CUG

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7
Q

what codon is used the least in humans?

A

UUA

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8
Q

___ out of the 64 amino acids specify amino acids

A

61

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9
Q

what two amino acids are not coded by more than one sequence?

A

MET, TRP

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10
Q

proteins are synthesized at the ____

A

ribosome

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11
Q

prokaryotes are know as the ____S ribosomes

A

70

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12
Q

eukaryotes are known as the ___S ribosomes

A

80

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13
Q

what are the two parts of the prokaryotic ribosomes?

A

30S, 50S

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14
Q

what are the two parts of the eukaryotic ribosomes?

A

40S, 60S

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15
Q

a prokaryote can contain ____ ribosomes and a eukaryote can contain _____

A

20,000, 200,000

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16
Q

what percent rRNA is the small pro subunit?

A

60

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17
Q

what percent rRNA is the large pro subunit?

A

70

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18
Q

what percent rRNA is the small euk subunit?

A

50

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19
Q

what percent rRNA is the large euk subunit?

A

65

20
Q

what is the purpose of the gap between the ribosomal subunits?

A

mRNA goes through, RNA, growing protein chain

21
Q

where does the new amino acid bind to the ribosome?

A

A site

22
Q

at what site does the growing polypeptide growing?

A

P site

23
Q

at what site is the exit site for tRNA

A

E site

24
Q

what holds the growing chain to the P site?

A

the anticodon and tRNA

25
Q

pro: EF-Tu

A

eEf1(alpha)

26
Q

pro: EF-Ts

A

eEF1(beta)(gamma)

27
Q

pro: EF-G

A

eEF2

28
Q

what is the eukaryotic release factor?

A

eRF1

29
Q

what are the prokaryotic release factors?

A

RF-1, RF-2, RF-3

30
Q

initiation begins with the binding of ____ and the ___ _____ to the 30S ribosomal subunit

A

mRNA, initiator tRNA

31
Q

all other parts of the growing chain attach to the ___ site except for the initiator, which attaches to the ___ site

A

A, P

32
Q

what happens to GTP during initiation?

A

breaks down into GDP

33
Q

what it the anticodon sequence of f-met-tRNA?

A

5’CAU3’

34
Q

during peptide chain elongation, the first stage is the binding of a new ______ to the A site

A

aminoacyl-tRNA

35
Q

what elongation factor brings about the binding of a new aminoacyl-tRNA to the A Site?

A

EF-Tu

36
Q

what elongation factor recycles EF-Tu after it binds an aminoacyl-tRNA?

A

EF-Ts

37
Q

the ____ _____ activity is not due to a protein enzyme, but is due to an RNA enzyme activity of the peptidyl transferase center of the 23S rRNA and the 50S subunit

A

peptidyl transferase

38
Q

translocation of the peptide chain back to the P site is brought about by elongation factor _____

A

EF-G

39
Q

activated EF-TU is required for aminoacyl-tRNA to bind, and it is activated by ____

A

GTP

40
Q

____ is the second enzyme in addition to EF-TU that needs to be activated by GTP

A

EF-G

41
Q

the biding of release factors to the A site transforms the ribosomal peptydyl transferase into a ____, which breaks covalent bonds

A

hydrolase

42
Q

the presence of a ___ ____ at the A site brings about the binding of 2 release factors to the A site (always at lease RF-3) along with GTP

A

stop codon

43
Q

after dissocitation, there is ___ ____ between the pool of 50S ribosomes and 30S ribosomes

A

dynamic equillibrium

44
Q

a ____ is multiple ribosomes synthesizing proteins on a single mRNA molecule

A

polysome

45
Q

prokaryotic mRNAs can have up to _____ ribosomes attached

A

10

46
Q

what are Hsp70, GroES/GroEL exmaples of?

A

molecular chaperones that aide in the folding of proteins into the cell

47
Q

_____ percent of proteins require GroES/GroEL to fold (all else requires either none or Hsp70)

A

15

BIOC3021 (25 decks)

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