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BIOC3021 > Biological Enzymes > Flashcards

Biological Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

convert glucose to glucose 6 phosphate

A

hexokinase

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2
Q

convert glucose 6 phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate

A

phosphoglucose isomerase

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3
Q

convert fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 bisphosphate

A

phosphofructokinase

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4
Q

convert fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate

A

aldolase

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5
Q

convert dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

A

triose phosphate isomerase

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6
Q

convert glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate

A

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase

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7
Q

convert 1,3 diphosphoglycerate to 3 phosphoglycerate

A

phosphoglycerate kinase

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8
Q

convert 3 phosphoglycerate to 2 phosphoglycerate

A

phosphoglycerate mutase

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9
Q

convert 2 phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate

A

enolase

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10
Q

convert phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate

A

pyruvate kinase

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11
Q

convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase

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12
Q

convert acetyl-CoA to citrate

A

citrate synthase

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13
Q

convert citrate to isocitrate

A

aconitase

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14
Q

convert isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

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15
Q

convert alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl Co-A

A

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

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16
Q

succinyl Co-A to succinate

A

succinyl Co-A synthetase

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17
Q

succinate to fumarate

A

succinate dehydrogenase

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18
Q

fumarate to malate

A

fumarase

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19
Q

malate to oxaloacetate

A

malate dehydrogenase

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20
Q

initiation factor that binds to the replication of origin (oriC) to separate the strands of the double helix

A

DnaA

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21
Q

helicase protein that binds to the separated strands of DNA and unwinds the double helix

A

DnaB

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22
Q

protein that prevents the two strands of DNA from coming back together

A

SSB

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23
Q

enzyme that relieves the stress in the helical DNA structure caused by DNA unwinding

A

DNA gyrase/DNA topoisomerase 2

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24
Q

two proteins that deliver DnaB protein to the replication forks

A

DnaC, DnaT

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25
Q

synthesizes an RNA primer needed for DNA replication

A

primase enzyme

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26
Q

entire enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA strands

A

DNA polymerase 3 holoenzyme

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27
Q

part of DNA polymerase 3 holoenzyme that is the polymerase activity

A

alpha

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28
Q

part of DNA polymerase 3 holoenzyme that is the 3’ to 5’ exonuclease proofreading activity

29
Q

part of DNA polymerase 3 holoenzyme that stimulates the proofreading activity

30
Q

termination proteins that binds to the Ter region to end DNA replication

31
Q

functions in the initiation of nuclear DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase alpha

32
Q

principle DNA polymerase in eukaryotic DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase delta

33
Q

DNA polymerase that cooperates with DNA polymerase delta

A

DNA polymerase epsilon

34
Q

DNA polymerase that functions in DNA repair

A

DNA polymerase beta

35
Q

DNA polymerase that serves in the DNA replication of enzymes in the mitochondria

A

DNA polymerase gamma

36
Q

protein complex that binds to replication origins, essential for the assembly of the pre-replicative complex

37
Q

eukaryotic helicases that unwind the double helix at replication origins and separates the DNA strand

A

MCM proteins

38
Q

bring about the binding of MCM proteins to the replication origins

A

Cdc6 proteins

39
Q

kinase complex that initiates DNA replication by adding phosphate groups to ORC, MCM, and Cdc6 proteins

A

cyclin CDK

40
Q

in base excision repair, removes the damaged base by cleaving the glycosidic bond between the base and the deoxyribose

A

DNA glycosylase

41
Q

in base excision repair, cleaves the backbone to remove the deoxyribose and phosphate group

A

endonuclease

42
Q

in base excision repair, removes a number of additional nucleotide residues

A

exonuclease

43
Q

in base excision repair, fills the gap with a patch of DNA

A

DNA polymerase 1

44
Q

in base excision repair, seals the deoxyribose-phosphate backbone to create a continuous strand of DNA

A

DNA ligase

45
Q

a2bb’o

A

RNA polymerase holoenzyme

46
Q

a2bb’

A

core RNA polymerase that synthesizes RNA but is unable to bind to promoters

47
Q

o

A

RNA polymerase that binds the holoenzyme to the promoter sequence

48
Q

bb’

A

RNA polymerases that contribute to the active site

49
Q

b’

A

RNA polymerase that binds to the DNA template

50
Q

b

A

RNA polymerase that binds to the RNA nucleotides

51
Q

a

A

RNA polymerase that is essential for assembly of the enzyme subunits

52
Q

removes negative and positive supercoiling during elongation phase of transcription

A

topoisomerase

53
Q

transcribes major ribosomal RNA genes in eukaryotes and is located in the nucleolus

A

RNA polymerase 1

54
Q

transcribes protein-coding genes and therefore synthesizes mRNA in eukaryotes

A

RNA polymerase 2

55
Q

transcribes tRNA genes, 5S rRNA genes, and genes of other small RNAs in eukaryotes

A

RNA polymerase 3

56
Q

consists of 2 perpendicular a-helicies connected by a b-turn, where the side chains of 1 a-helix fits into the major groove of the DNA

A

helix-turn-helix motif

57
Q

consists one 2 anti-parallel b-strands followed by an a-helix, zinc ions are bound to amino acid side chains, and the a-helix inserts into the major groove of the DNA

A

zinc finger motif

58
Q

consists of a-helicies from 2 different proteins that form a coiled coil, extensions of the a-helicies bind to the major groove

A

leucine zipper motif

59
Q

regulatory sequences that may be located far from the promoter

A

enhancer elements

60
Q

carry out mRNA splicing

A

spliceosomes made of snRNPs

61
Q

IF-1, IF-2, IF-3

A

prokaryotic translation initiation factors

62
Q

elF1 etc.

A

eukaryotic translation initiation factors

63
Q

EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G

A

prokaryotic translation elongation factors

64
Q

eEF1a, eEF1by, eEF2

A

eukaryotic translation elongation factors

65
Q

RF-1, RF-2, RF-3

A

prokaryotic translation release factors

66
Q

eRF1

A

eukaryotic translation release factors

67
Q

brings about binding of a new aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site

68
Q

elongation factor that recycles EF-Tu

69
Q

brings about translocation of the peptide chain back to the P site

BIOC3021 (25 decks)

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