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BIOC3021 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids have ____ solubility in water

A

low

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2
Q

are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

hydrophobic

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3
Q

are lipids heterogenous or homogenous?

A

heterogenous

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4
Q

What are the 2 major roles of lipids in cells?

A

energy stores, components of biological membranes

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5
Q

fats come from _____

A

animals

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6
Q

oils come from ____

A

plants

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7
Q

____ consist of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone

A

triacylglycerols

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8
Q

Fats and oils of animal and plants are example of what type of lipid?

A

triacygylcerols

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9
Q

Fats and oils of animal and plants are example of what type of lipid?

A

triacylglycerols

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10
Q

___ ___ is a storage site for triacygylcerols

A

body fat (adipose tissue)

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11
Q

body fat has ___ amounts of energy

A

high

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12
Q

____ ____ Are composed of a long hydrogen chain with a carboxyl group at the end

A

fatty acids

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13
Q

_____ fatty acids have only single C-C bonds

A

saturated

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14
Q

___ fatty acids have 1-4 C-C double bonds

A

unsaturated

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15
Q

What are the 2 major types of fatty acids?

A

saturated and unsaturated

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16
Q

stearic acid is a ____ fatty acid

A

saturated

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17
Q

oleic acid is a ___ fatty acid

A

unsaturated

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18
Q

linoleic acid is a ___ fatty acid

A

unsaturated

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19
Q

alpha linolenic acid is a ____ fatty acid

A

unsaturated

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20
Q

____ is an omega 3 fatty acid

A

alpha linolenic acid

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21
Q

____ is an omega 6 fatty acid

A

linoleic acid

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22
Q

___ fatty acids are needed in the diet because the body does not have the enzymes to synthesize them on its own

A

essesstial

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23
Q

What are the two essential fatty acids?

A

linoleic, alpha linolenic

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24
Q

Omega 3 fatty acids are determined by what bond?

A

C-C double bond between carbons 3 and 4

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25
Q

____ fatty acids have more than 1 C-C double bond

A

polyunsaturated

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26
Q

Fatty acids typically have a ____ number of carbon atoms

A

even

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27
Q

Dietary fatty acids are attached to a ____

A

glycerol

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28
Q

fatty acids typically have between ____ and ____carbon atoms in even numbers

A

14-24

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29
Q

____ are primarily found in adipose tissue/body fat

A

triacylglycerols

30
Q

____ serves as a storage site for lipids

A

adipose tissue/body fat

31
Q

_____ yield large amounts of energy in metabolic reactions

A

triacylglycerols

32
Q

1g of triacyclglycerols produce ______ kJ of energy whereas proteins and carbs produce ______Kj/g

A

38, 17

33
Q

____ have a phosphate group linked to carbon 3 of the glycerol backbone instead of a fatty acid

A

glycerophospholipids

34
Q

____ _____ is the core molecule of the common glycerophospholipids

A

phosphatidic acid

35
Q

____ is an 18 carbon molecule that forms the backbone of sphingolipids

A

sphingosine

36
Q

a _____ is formed by linking a fatty acid to the sphingosine

A

ceramide

37
Q

sphingomyelins are important in ______

A

nervous tissue of higher animals

38
Q

glycosphingolipids are important in ____

A

cell to cell recognition (in tissues and organs)

39
Q

____ are formed by linking a long chain fatty acid -COOH with a long chain alcohol -OH

A

waxes

40
Q

____ is a component of wool wax

A

lanolin

41
Q

_____ is wax from palm tree fronds

A

carnauba

42
Q

____ are formed by combining 2 or more molecules of isoprene

A

terpenes

43
Q

retinal, vitamin E, vitamin K, and coenzyme Q are examples of what?

A

terpenes

44
Q

what is the most common steroid in animals that is the precursor for all other animal steroids?

A

cholesterol

45
Q

____ are a component of lipoprotein complexes in blood and of plaques that form arterial walls in atherosclerosis

A

steroids

46
Q

androgens, estrogens, and progestins are examples of ___ _____

A

steroid hormones

47
Q

_____ are involved in the control of carb, protein, and lipid metabolism

A

glucocorticoids (i.e. cortisol)

48
Q

_____ regulate salt (Na+, K+, Cl-) balance in tissues

A

mineralocorticoids (i.e. aldosterone)

49
Q

aldosterone is an example of what

A

mineralocorticoid

50
Q

cortisol is an example of what

A

glucocorticoid

51
Q

____ ____ are detergent molecules secreted in the bile from the gallbladder that assist in the absorption of dietary lipids in the intestine

A

bile acids

52
Q

cholic acid and deoxycholic acid are examples of what?

A

bile acids

53
Q

___ ____ is the core molecule of glycerophospholipids

A

phosphatidic acid

54
Q

the linkage of sphingosine with a fatty acid to produce a ceramide involves what type of bond?

A

amide

55
Q

what is released in the production of a ceramide?

A

H2O

56
Q

____ give a water repellant property to animal skin, plant leaves, and bird feathers etc.

A

waxes

57
Q

waxes are formed via a ____ linkage

A

ester

58
Q

a wax links an ____ with a ____ ______

A

alcohol (-OH group), fatty acid (-COOH group)

59
Q

Terpenes are classified as ____ ____ because they do not have ___ ____ in their structure

A

simple lipids, fatty acids

60
Q

____ are commonly incorporated as part of more complex molecules

A

terpenes

61
Q

retinal is helpful for ____

A

vision

62
Q

the side chains of vitamins E and K1 are made up of _____ _____

A

isoprene molecules

63
Q

the steroid nucleus is composed of 3 ___ membered rings and 1 ____ membered ring

A

6, 5

64
Q

what are the 3 major blood proteins?

A

globulin, albulin, fibrinogen

65
Q

what are the 3 types of globulins?

A

alpha, beta, gamma

66
Q

___ and ____ globulins are used in lipid transport

A

alpha, beta

67
Q

_____ globulin is used in antibodies

A

gamma

68
Q

bile acids are required in ___amounts

A

high

69
Q

this type of protein helps solubilize fats so that they can be attacked by enzymes to be broken down and the fatty acid released

A

bile acids

70
Q

bile is produced in the ____ and ____ and secreted in the _____ tract

A

liver, gallbladder, digestive tract

BIOC3021 (25 decks)

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