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BIOC3021 > Electron Transport > Flashcards

Electron Transport Flashcards

1
Q

what is the result of the electron transport and oxidative phosphorilization process?

A

high yield ATP

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2
Q

where do these processes take place in eukaryotes?

A

mitochondria

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3
Q

what types of proteins are used?

A

integral membrane proteins

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4
Q

during electron transport, a ____ ____ is established across the mitochondrial membrane

A

proton gradient

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5
Q

the movement of protons through the ____ ____ enzyme in the inner mitochondrial membrane leads to ATP synthesis

A

ATP synthase

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6
Q

what links the TCA cycle and electron transport?

A

H of NADH and H of FADH2

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7
Q

NADH binds to the _____ complex protein of the electron transport chain

A

first

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8
Q

FADH2 binds to the ____ complex protein of the electron transport chain

A

second

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9
Q

protons are released into the ___ ____ of the cell

A

intermembrane space

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10
Q

the interaction of molecular oxygen with complex ____ leads to the production of H2O

A

four

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11
Q

complex four is stimulated by what reaction?

A

O2 from our lungs being converted into water

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12
Q

_____ molecules are transported between complex 3 and 4

A

cytochrome C

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13
Q

NADH - NAD+ + ____+______

A

H+, 2e-

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14
Q

what 2 components are also involved in addition to oxygen to produce water?

A

protons and electrons

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15
Q

NAD stands for ___ ___ _____

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

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16
Q

the adenine in NAD is ribose/dexoyribose?

A

ribose

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17
Q

what are the 3 components of the adenosine of NAD+?

A

adenine, ribose, 2 phosphate groups

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18
Q

the base nicotinamide is a modification of what B vitamin?

A

niacin

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19
Q

what is the modification to niacin that produces micotinamide?

A

carboxyl has amino group added to give amide

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20
Q

where does the proton bind when NADH is produced from NAD?

A

next to hydrogen at top of nicotinamide

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21
Q

how many mitochondria are in each cell?

A

1,000-2,000

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22
Q

what type of cell has the most mitochondria?

A

liver

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23
Q

the ____ ____ of the mitochondria has folds that provide extensive surface area for electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation to occur

A

inner membrane

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24
Q

how many protein subunits are part of complex 1?

A

greater than 30 (44 in humans)

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25
Q

cytochrome C works in the hydrophilic space of the ____ _____

A

inner membrane

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26
Q

when cytochrome C is alternating between complexes 3 and 4, it also moves ___ and ____

A

protons, electrons

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27
Q

when CytC is oxidized, it gives up the ____

A

proton and some electrons

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28
Q

coemzyme Q is a _____ lipid that is insoluble in the matrix

A

terpene

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29
Q

what other molecule in addition to CytC is transporting electrons and protons?

A

Coenzyme Q

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30
Q

NADH has a binding site on complex ____

A

one

31
Q

when NADH+H+ becomes NAD+, what two places do protons go?

A

across gradient to intermembrane space, to the cycle of coenzyme Q and into protein 3

32
Q

what reaction that also occurs in the TCA cycle occurs during electron transport?

A

succinate to fumarate

33
Q

where does the reaction of succinate to fumarate take place?

A

complex 2

34
Q

complex ____ does not transport protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space

A

two

35
Q

what is the enzyme name of complex 1?

A

NADH coenzyme Q reductase

36
Q

what is the enzyme name of complex 2?

A

succinate coenzyme Q reductase

37
Q

what is the enzyme name of complex 3?

A

coenzyme Q cytochrome C reductase

38
Q

what is the enzyme name of complex 4?

A

cytochrome C oxidase

39
Q

how many protein subunits are in complex 2?

A

4

40
Q

how many protein subunits are in complex 3?

A

11

41
Q

how many subunits are in complex 4?

A

13

42
Q

what protein is also called flavoprotein 1?

A

complex 1

43
Q

what is the coenzyme found in complex 1?

A

flavin mononucleotide

44
Q

what protein is also called flavoprotein 2?

A

complex 2

45
Q

what is the coenzyme found in complex 2?

A

flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

46
Q

FMN and FAD are derivatives of what vitamin?

A

riboflavin (B2)

47
Q

what modification occurs to riboflavin to produced FMN?

A

addition of phosphate

48
Q

what modification occurs to riboflavin to produce FAD?

A

addition of ADP covalently bound

49
Q

what is another name for ATP synthase?

A

F1F0 ATP synthase

50
Q

what oval structures project down from ATP synthase into the mitochondrial matrix?

A

F1 spheres

51
Q

what portion of ATP synthase is the integral membrane protein?

A

F0

52
Q

what part of the ATP synthase stimulates ATP synthesis?

A

F1

53
Q

the ____ subunits of ATP synthase is spinning in the membrane at 6,000 rps

A

c

54
Q

what is the movement of the c subunits of ATP synthase stimulated by?

A

movement of protons through middle of the structure

55
Q

the ____ _____ is the central part of ATP synthase where protons travel to get into the matrix

A

gamma stalk

56
Q

the rotation of the c and gamma stalk subunits brings about ______ _______ of alpha and beta subunits to uncover the active site and allow for transformation of ADP to ATP

A

conformational change

57
Q

how are the active sites of the alpha and beta enzymes of ATP synthase uncovered?

A

rapid rotation of c and gamma stalk

58
Q

what subunits keep the ATP synthase unit together?

A

A, B, delta, epsilon

59
Q

how many alpha and beta units are in the F1 spheres?

A

3

60
Q

how many gamma stalks are present?

A

1

61
Q

how many delta and episilon units are presents?

A

1

62
Q

how many A units are presents?

A

1

63
Q

how many B units are present?

A

2

64
Q

how many C units are present?

A

10 (depends on source)

65
Q

how many total units are in the F1 spheres?

A

9

66
Q

how many total units are in the F0 integral membrane protein?

A

13

67
Q

what complexes does UQ (coenzyme Q) move protons between?

A

1 and 3, 2 and 3

68
Q

cytochrome C is a ____ protein

A

globular

69
Q

glycolysis occurs in the ___ of the cell whereas energy generation occurs in the ______

A

cytosol, mitochondria

70
Q

the NADH produced by glycolysis in the cytosol cannot pass through the ____ ____ _____

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

71
Q

what mechanism transfers NADH from glycolysis in the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix?

A

malate-aspartate shuttle

72
Q

the ____ of NADH and free H+ link to _____ in the cytosol

A

H+, oxaloacetate

73
Q

the H+ of NADH and free H+ linking to oxaloacetate produce _____

A

malate

74
Q

in the mitochondrial matrix once the malate has passed through, the protons are added back to _____ to produce NADH+ and a ______ ______

A

NAD, free proton

BIOC3021 (25 decks)

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