Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > Water Cycle EQ1 > Flashcards

Water Cycle EQ1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

Why is the water cycle a closed system?

A

As no water can enter or leave the system although solar energy can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is solar energy important for earths water cycle

A

It allows the system to function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a different way of saying the earth’s water cycle?

A

Earth’s hydrological system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a water store?

A

Places where water is held

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a water flow?

A

A process that moves water from one store to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a flux?

A

What we call a flow when we know a quantity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is total global water made up of?

A

Oceans = 96.5%
Freshwater = 2.5%
Other saline water = 0.9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is freshwater made up of?

A

Glaciers and ice caps
Ground water
Surface water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the biggest store of freshwater?

A

Glaciers and ice caps = 68.7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What percentage of freshwater is groundwater?

A

30.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the cryosphere?

A

Contains the frozen parts of the planet, includes ice on land, glaciers, permafrost
Maintains earths climate by reflecting solar radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is permafrost?

A

Ground that stays frozen for 2 years or longer in a row
Can occur in patches or cover a large area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a drainage basin?

A

Looks at smaller regional scale hydrological system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

A store of water within pore spaces of some rocks (mainly sedimentary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the different stores in the hydrological cycle?

A

Ocean
Atmosphere
Surface storage- lakes
Soil store
Ice sheets, caps, snowpacks
Groundwater store

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is percolation?

A

Downwards movement of water through soil and rock due to gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What factors affects drainage basins?

A

Climate
Soil
Relief/topography
Vegetation
Geology
Humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a watershed?

A

Boundary of a drainage basin between one drainage basin and another

19
Q

What is the biggest and smallest drainage basin?

A

The Amazon- covers 7 countries
Tambirasi River, Indonesia

20
Q

What is residency time?

A

Average time water molecules stay in a store

21
Q

Why are residency times important?

A

Means people can manage water more effectively and understand them

22
Q

What are the longest residency times?

A

Groundwater
Ice caps, glaciers, permafrost

23
Q

What are try the shortest residency times?

A

Biospheric water (humans, animals)
Atmospheric water

24
Q

What are cryospheric losses?

A

Increased melting glacial ice takes water out of cryosphere
Causing loss of freshwater as contaminated by salt water

25
Q

What are fossil aquifers?

A

Water aquifers that cannot be replenished

26
Q

What are the 3 types of precipitation?

A

Orographic
Conventional
Frontal

27
Q

What is orographic rainfall?

A

Caused by the relief of the land forcing water vapour to rise and cool
Eg in the lakes

28
Q

What is conventional rainfall?

A

Caused by heating of the earths surface leading to more buoyant parcels of humid air rising
Cooling it causing rain

29
Q

What is frontal rainfall?

A

Chased by warmer air masses rising above the denser, colder air

30
Q

How is the amount of precipitation influenced?

A

Rates of convection
Monsoon climate
Continentality
Mountains

31
Q

What areas of earth are generally wet/dry?

A

Inter tropical convergent zone (ITCZ)
Are where northeast and southeast trade winds converge

32
Q

What human activities influence the hydrological cycle?

A

Dams
Groundwater extraction
Deforestation
Irrigation farming
Agriculture
Urbanisation
Climate change
Lakes and reservoirs

33
Q

What is an example of human influence on the hydrological system?

A

Aswan Dam
Flood largely controlled further downstream
Negative effects on farming
Evaporation losses of 10 to 16billm cubed
Need are to flood to bring new sediment for farming

34
Q

What are the impacts of deforestation on the hydrological system?

A

Tree cover drops means less interception increasing surface water run off and lack of water staying in the area
Causing less tree cover and rain
Increase average annual temps as less clouds

35
Q

What is a river reigme?

A

The difference in discharge of the river through out the year

36
Q

What is a simple river regime?

A

There is a high flow season and low flow system

37
Q

What is a complex river regime?

A

Can have multiple high and low flow systems in a the year
Normally bigger rivers

38
Q

What does a river regime depend on?

A

Climate
Rainfall
Location
Geology
Soils

39
Q

What is a soil moisture budget?

A

A graph showing precipitation and potential evapotranspiration

40
Q

What does a soil moisture budget graph show?

A

Soil moisture surplus
Soil moisture utilisation
Maximum annual temps
Soil moisture deficiency
Soil moisture recharge
Field capacity

41
Q

What is a flood hydrograph?

A

Graph that shows discharge of a river that responds after a rainfall event

42
Q

What are the factors that affect shape of a flood hydrograph?

A

Geology
Intense rainfalls
Topography
Vegetation
Urbanisation
Shape of drainage basin

43
Q

What makes a flashy storm hydrograph?

A

Shorted lag time
Steep rising limb
High peak discharge
Short/intense rainfall periods
Steep relief

44
Q

What makes a flat storm hydrograph?

A

Longer lag time
Gentle rising limb
Low peak discharge
Longer rainfall periods
Shallow/flat relief

Geography (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions