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Geography > Superpowers EQ1 > Flashcards

Superpowers EQ1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a superpower?

A

A nation with the means to project power and influence anywhere in the world and be a dominant global force

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of superpowers?

A

Strong military influence
Political influence
Cultural influence
Access to natural resources
Established economy

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3
Q

What is an emerging superpower?

A

A rising economic influence of a nation steadily increasing their presence in global affairs
Eg china

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4
Q

What is a hyper power?

A

Unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power
Eg USA 1990-2010

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5
Q

What is a regional superpower?

A

Country that has significant influence and power within a specific region

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6
Q

What is the definition of hard power?

A

Use of military force

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7
Q

What is the definition of soft power?

A

Using cultural influences to influence decisions
USA- English speaking, largely involved, strongly involved, strong cultural influence

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8
Q

What is sharp power?

A

Manipulation of political decision making
Eg hacking
Espionage- spys to obtain military and political info

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9
Q

What is Mackinder’s Heartland Theory?

A

argued the central region of europe and east asia (russia-china) was the key geo-strategic region in the world, if had control had control of most of the globes human + physical resources

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10
Q

What is a multi-polar world?

A

many broadly equal powers with regional influence but less global influence

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11
Q

What is a hegemony?

A

Control one state holds over others

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12
Q

What is a multi-polar world?

A

Many broadly equal powers with regional influence but less global influence

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13
Q

What is a bi-polar world?

A

2 opposing superpowers with different ideologies broadly equal in status

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14
Q

What is an example of a bi-polar world?

A

During the Cold War USSR and USA

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15
Q

An example of a multi-polar world?

A

European Imperialism

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16
Q

What is a uni-polar world?

A

One globally dominant superpower or hyper power

17
Q

What is an example of a uni-power?

A

USA

18
Q

What is neo-colonialism?

A

Practice of using capitalism,globalisation + cultural imperialism to influence a developing country

19
Q

What are the possible mechanisms of neo-colonial control?

A

Strategic alliances
Aid
TNC investment
Terms of trade
Debt

20
Q

What is strategic alliances?

A

Military alliances between superpowers and developing nations
Makes them dependent on aid

21
Q

What is aid?

A

Development aid with conditions forcing recipient countries to agree to there policies + priorities suggested by donor

22
Q

What is TNc investment?

A

Investment from abroad creates jobs + wealth
Depend on receiving country following policies

23
Q

What is the terms of trade?

A

Low community export prices for imported goods from developed countries
Hinders development

24
Q

What is debt?

A

Developing countries borrow money end up in debtor-creditor relationship

25
Q

India Case Study facts

A

Britain had direct control until 1858
Helped Britain expand into south east Asia
1858- policy of promoting British language and culture
1947- became independent

26
Q

What countries are involved in the BRICS?

A

Brazil
Russia
India
China
South Africa

27
Q

Strengths of Brazil?

A

Rich in natural resources
Energy independent in oil + biofuels
Regional leader of Latin America
Strong global soft power

28
Q

Weaknesses of Brazil?

A

Unstable economy
High rates of inflation
Small military- had recent investment
Economy suffers boom + bust
Needs to control deforestation
Education levels are lacking

29
Q

Weaknesses of Russia?

A

Invasion of Ukraine exposed to poorly trained military
Ageing + declining population
Extreme levels of inequality
Overly dependent on oil and gas

30
Q

Strengths of Russia?

A

nuclear power with large military capacity
huge oil + gas reserves - source of wealth
permeant seat on UN security council

31
Q

Strengths of India?

A

world’s largest population
economic growth of 7% a year
growing working age
English + graduates wide spread
nuclear armed
largest military personnel

32
Q

Weaknesses of India?

A

future resource shortage- water and energy
poor transport + energy infrastructure
high levels of poverty
poor political relations

33
Q

Strengths of China?

A

ongoing property market decline
world’s largest navy
new coal fired power station each week
modern transport
highly educated
military tech + reach growing

34
Q

Weaknesses of China?

A

major pollution issues
tense relations with south east asia
relies on imported materials

35
Q

China Case study facts?

A

Geography (23 decks)

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