Superpowers EQ1

Question 1

What is a superpower?

Answer 1

A nation with the means to project power and influence anywhere in the world and be a dominant global force

Question 2

What are the characteristics of superpowers?

Answer 2

Strong military influence
Political influence
Cultural influence
Access to natural resources
Established economy

Question 3

What is an emerging superpower?

Answer 3

A rising economic influence of a nation steadily increasing their presence in global affairs
Eg china

Question 4

What is a hyper power?

Answer 4

Unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power
Eg USA 1990-2010

Question 5

What is a regional superpower?

Answer 5

Country that has significant influence and power within a specific region

Question 6

What is the definition of hard power?

Answer 6

Use of military force

Question 7

What is the definition of soft power?

Answer 7

Using cultural influences to influence decisions
USA- English speaking, largely involved, strongly involved, strong cultural influence

Question 8

What is sharp power?

Answer 8

Manipulation of political decision making
Eg hacking
Espionage- spys to obtain military and political info

Question 9

What is Mackinder’s Heartland Theory?

Answer 9

argued the central region of europe and east asia (russia-china) was the key geo-strategic region in the world, if had control had control of most of the globes human + physical resources

Question 10

What is a multi-polar world?

Answer 10

many broadly equal powers with regional influence but less global influence

Question 11

What is a hegemony?

Answer 11

Control one state holds over others

Question 12

What is a multi-polar world?

Answer 12

Many broadly equal powers with regional influence but less global influence

Question 13

What is a bi-polar world?

Answer 13

2 opposing superpowers with different ideologies broadly equal in status

Question 14

What is an example of a bi-polar world?

Answer 14

During the Cold War USSR and USA

Question 15

An example of a multi-polar world?

Answer 15

European Imperialism

Question 16

What is a uni-polar world?

Answer 16

One globally dominant superpower or hyper power

Question 17

What is an example of a uni-power?

Answer 17

USA

Question 18

What is neo-colonialism?

Answer 18

Practice of using capitalism,globalisation + cultural imperialism to influence a developing country

Question 19

What are the possible mechanisms of neo-colonial control?

Answer 19

Strategic alliances
Aid
TNC investment
Terms of trade
Debt

Question 20

What is strategic alliances?

Answer 20

Military alliances between superpowers and developing nations
Makes them dependent on aid

Question 21

What is aid?

Answer 21

Development aid with conditions forcing recipient countries to agree to there policies + priorities suggested by donor

Question 22

What is TNc investment?

Answer 22

Investment from abroad creates jobs + wealth
Depend on receiving country following policies

Question 23

What is the terms of trade?

Answer 23

Low community export prices for imported goods from developed countries
Hinders development

Question 24

What is debt?

Answer 24

Developing countries borrow money end up in debtor-creditor relationship

Question 25

India Case Study facts

Answer 25

Britain had direct control until 1858 Helped Britain expand into south east Asia 1858- policy of promoting British language and culture 1947- became independent

Question 26

What countries are involved in the BRICS?

Answer 26

Brazil Russia India China South Africa

Question 27

Strengths of Brazil?

Answer 27

Rich in natural resources Energy independent in oil + biofuels Regional leader of Latin America Strong global soft power

Question 28

Weaknesses of Brazil?

Answer 28

Unstable economy High rates of inflation Small military- had recent investment Economy suffers boom + bust Needs to control deforestation Education levels are lacking

Question 29

Weaknesses of Russia?

Answer 29

Invasion of Ukraine exposed to poorly trained military Ageing + declining population Extreme levels of inequality Overly dependent on oil and gas

Question 30

Strengths of Russia?

Answer 30

nuclear power with large military capacity huge oil + gas reserves - source of wealth permeant seat on UN security council

Question 31

Strengths of India?

Answer 31

world's largest population economic growth of 7% a year growing working age English + graduates wide spread nuclear armed largest military personnel

Question 32

Weaknesses of India?

Answer 32

future resource shortage- water and energy poor transport + energy infrastructure high levels of poverty poor political relations

Question 33

Strengths of China?

Answer 33

ongoing property market decline world's largest navy new coal fired power station each week modern transport highly educated military tech + reach growing

Question 34

Weaknesses of China?

Answer 34

major pollution issues tense relations with south east asia relies on imported materials