Migration, Identity, Sovereignty EQ1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Migration

A

movement of people from one place to another, either in a country or internationally can be permeant or temporary

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2
Q

Define Identity

A

sense of attachment to a place in which they live
can be country, region, city or village

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3
Q

Define Sovereignty

A

control over a country’s own laws + regulations

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4
Q

What is the percentage of growth of international migrants since 2000?

A

49%

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5
Q

What are the pull factors for rural to urban migration in China?

A

better jobs
better pay
better education
rising labour demand
more developed
consistent opportunities

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6
Q

What are the pull factors for rural to urban migration in China?

A

lack of income
lack of resources
lack of access to services

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7
Q

What is the Hukou system?

A

it is a household registration system to restrict internal migration

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8
Q

What are the issues of the Hukou system?

A

hard to change official residence to new location
need a permit to be registered- expensive
without permit workers earn less and have no entitlement to services
causes women and children to remain in rural areas
acts as a barrier
pressure on transport system during public holidays

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9
Q

What is the Schengen Zone?

A

abolished many internal border controls
area of passport free movement across most EU member states

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10
Q

How many members are there for the Schengen agreement?

A

26
22 EU members, 4 non EU states
( Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein)

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11
Q

What are the benefits of the Schengen Agreement?

A

helped fill job vacancies
14million EU citizens live in another member state

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12
Q

What are the benefits of Polish Migration to the UK?

A

stops ageing population
brings wide range of skills + cheaper
contributes to economic growth- £2.5bill each year
80% migrants 18-35

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13
Q

What are the negatives of Polish Migrants to the UK?

A

tensions between local population + migrants
services under pressure
property prices increasing due to demand increase
money sent out of the country back to Poland

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14
Q

Why are international migrant rates low in Japan?

A

strict immigration policies
prioritising cultural homogeneity

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15
Q

What problems does Japan have with lack of international migrants?

A

only welcome skilled workers, intern programmes
no long term settlement
changed attitude due to ageing pop
restrictive policy 2.7% migrants
59% positive public attitude

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15
Q

What are some of the problems international migrants face in Japan?

A

have no legal protection
little language, education and cultural support

16
Q

What is Sweden’s views on international migration?

A

previously most generous to asylum seekers
recent change due to increase in gang violence

17
Q

What are Sweden’s new views on international migration?

A

reducing quotes of refugees
stricter citizen requirements
increased salary thresholds
voluntary reparations ( payment to return to country of origin)

18
Q

Australia’s policy on international migration?

A

points based system
prioritises skilled labour
high refugee intake= 20,000 a year
pathway to citizenship
temporary work visas= labour market flexibility
annual limits set for overall + specific migrants (71% skilled, 28% family)

19
Q

What are the factors that cause international migration to change in the future?

A

wars
internal global shift
2008 financial crash
sea level rise

20
Q

What are the affects of mass migration from Syria in 2015?

A

many migrants due to conflicts
many from less developed nations
Destinations: Greece + Balkans before travelling to Germany, Sweden + UK
tensions in EU states in terms of amounts of refugees taken in
contributed to BREXIT

21
Q

How is economic efficiency is maximised?

A

maximised when goods, capital + labour can freely move across international borders
Govs make decisions to facilitate: trade blocs, deregulation, market liberalisation
EU benefit from free-trade
strong economy that is competitive= cheaper prices + higher productivity

22
Q

What does free movement of people mean?

A

people able to move for work ensuring labour demands are met + movement is unrestricted
occurs in almost all countries
benefits country’s economy but have regional negatives such as young people leaving rural areas

23
Q

What are the regional trends of internal migration?

A

high rates of internal migration
majority move to neighbouring local authorities
49,220 moved from england to scotland 39,659 left
london has the highest turn over of people 204,430 moving in and 273,070 leaving

24
What is an ethnic enclave?
clusters of a particular ethnic group living in a distinct community
25
26
What is ethnic segregation?
voluntary or enforced separation of people into different cultures or nationalities
27
What is assimilation?
integration of an immigrant group into lifestyle + culture of a host country
28
What are the pros of assimilation?
maintains national identity prevents cultural erosion
29
What are the cons of assimilation?
loss of migrants culture
30
What are the factors that could affect rates of assimilation?
aerial extent income/wealth Quantity of/house prices Level of education Ability to find a job Languages Bi-cultural marriages Reliance on benefits
32
What are the social tensions of migration?
consume social services pressure on population at a local level human trafficking brain drain
33
What are the economic tensions of migration?
contribute more in taxes then take from social services can increases a country's economic growth + tax revenues remittances back to home country
34
What are cultural tensions of migration?
loss of culture culture clash- cause tension + fear native people might feel threatened
35
What are the demographic tensions of migration?
distinct enclaves cause distrust migrants often low skilled, struggle to assimilate
36
The impacts on the UK + the Windrush?
culture clash- Jamaican accents, food, struggle to assimilate racism+ discrimination- unfamiliarity violent backlash- notable racial violence, 1985 Nottingham Hill riots job comp- felt threatened