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Geography > Coasts EQ2 > Flashcards

Coasts EQ2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are constructive waves?

A

Powerful wave with strong swash that surges up a beach
Deposits material, doesn’t remove any
Generated far offshore
Elliptical water movement, low amplitude and gentle gradient

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2
Q

What are destructive waves?

A

Waves formed by local storm that crash on the beach
Powerful backwash, remove material from the beach
Create steep beach profile

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3
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

Waves force air into cracks and trap it causing cracks in rocks breaking it down

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4
Q

What is abrasion?

A

Loose material is thrown at coastline breaking it down

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5
Q

What is attrition?

A

Loose material collides together becoming smaller and rounder

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6
Q

What is corrosion?

A

Chemical breakdown of some rocks
Very common in limestone where it slowly dissolves

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7
Q

Examples of erosional landforms?

A

Caves
Stacks
Stumps
Arches
Wave cut platform
Wave cut notch

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8
Q

What is long shore drift?

A

Lateral transport of material along coastline when waves approach coast at an angle

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9
Q

What is a swash aligned beach?

A

Waves arrive parallel to beach so sediment deposited

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10
Q

What is drift aligned beach?

A

Waves break at angle to the coast so material transported and dropped by long shore drift

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11
Q

What is gravity settling?

A

Waves energy of transporting become too low to move sediment so deposits material
Large sediment dropped first

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12
Q

What is flocculations?

A

Depositional process- small particles like clay clump together so they become large enough to sink

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13
Q

What is a spit?

A

Extended stretch of beach
Prevailing winds continues LDS past end of beach
LDS stops when second prevailing wind hits and looses energy
Can cause a curve

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14
Q

What is a bay head beach?

A

Curved beaches found at back of a bay
Common on swash aligned beaches
Wave refraction distributes wave energy at bay perimeter dropping sediment

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15
Q

What is a tombolo?

A

Formed by spit connecting 2 headlands together
Creates lagoon behind it

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16
Q

What is a barrier beach?

A

Formed by LDS connecting offshore island to mainland
Protection from island causes deposition

17
Q

What is recurved spit?

A

Formed same way as spit
Forms salt marshes behind sometimes

18
Q

What is a cuspate foreland?

A

LSD either side of headland continues up and meets causing triangular beach

19
Q

What is the sediment cell concept?

A

Self contained stretch of coast
Means sediment moves around a cell but not from one to another
11 in England and wales

20
Q

What are sub aerial processes?

A

Weathering and mass movement

21
Q

What is physical/mechanical movement?

A

Breaking down of larger rocks into smaller rocks
Freeze thaw action

22
Q

What is biological weathering?

A

Disintegration of rocks due to actions of plants/animals
Roots growing into rocks
Burrowing

23
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

Chemical reaction occurs in the rock causing it to dissolve and form new substances
Carbonation

24
Q

What is rockfall?

A

Sudden form of mass movement
Occurs when fragments of rock weathered from cliff fall under gravity and collect at base

25
Q

What is a landslide?

A

Sea wars dipping strata present and heavily jointed rocks susceptible
Eg limestone

26
Q

What is a mudslide?

A

unconsolidated sediment saturated with water

27
Q

What is slumping?

A

bottom of cliff eroded by waves, slope becomes steeper and cliff slides down in rotational manner
often triggered by rain

28
Q

What is a landslide scar?

A

mark left on cliff profile from the landslide

29
Q

What is terraced profile?

A

where a cliff profile is stepped due to lithology or fractures in the rock

Geography (19 decks)

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