Coasts EQ4 Flashcards
What are examples of economic impacts of erosion and flooding?
erosion in the UK
Hurricane Katrina USA
Cyclone Sidr Bangladesh
What were the economic impacts of erosion in the UK?
costs associated to increase 3-9x
cost of damage estimated £260 bill a year
£18-30bill to implement current policies depending on rate of climate change
What were the economic impacts of Hurricane Katrina?
estimate cost of $160bill
most expensive natural disaster in US history
1.7mill lost power
1,833 fatalities
known as billion dollar weather event
What were the economic impacts of Cyclone Sidr?
cost $2.31bill
350,000 species of tree uprooted
34,500 injured
3,199 died
1.2mill houses damaged
725,000 hectares of crop damaged
What are examples of environmental refugees in coastal areas?
Bangladesh- 1.6mill families affected by cyclone, international aid requested and 1000 missing
Fairbourne, Wales- one of fastest erosion rates in Europe, residents relocated by 2054, nothing being done to stop erosion
What is hard engineering?
preventing natural processes
What is soft engineering?
working with natural processes
What are the facts about Mappleton?
2 groynes and rock armour protect cliff with gas terminal on that supplies 25% of Britain’s gas
cliff reprofiled and stabalised
before had high erosion rates
What are the facts about Rossall, Blackpool?
hard engineering- sea walls, revetments, rock armor wetland area behind wall
cost £64mill
protects 7,500 homes, provided locally sourced employment
expensive, looks ugly, unsure how long it will last
What are the facts about Borth in Wales?
protection uses- offshore reefs, groynes, beach nourishment and breakwater armour
cost between £7-12mill
provides tourism and places to surf
worsen impacts further down the coastline
What are the facts about Streat marshes in Bridgewater?
protection- salt marshes, soft engineering
cost- £21mill
encourages tourism, turned into nature reserve
loss of land, compulsory buying of property, mayor wanted sea walls
What are the facts about Bacton, North Norfolk?
protection- beach regen 1.8m cubed of sand pumped onto beach
cost- £20mill for 6km
protects gas terminal, prevents cliff erosion
doesn’t last long= 20-25years, expensive
What are the facts about Odisha in India?
protection- 1435km squared mangroves planted, regen of coastla reefs, stronger water quality laws, geotextiles tubes
protect from erosion, provides habitats, ecotourism, provides jobs
expensive, villagers critical- concerned costs outweigh benefits
What are the facts about Deltaworks in the Netherlands?
protection- series of dams, storm surge barriers designed to protect against flooding from north sea
2.5bill euros to build, 17mill euros to operate a year
closed against storm surge in december 2013
What are the facts about Maldives, Kiribati?
first climate refugees, moved to Fiji
water insecurity
mangroves planted to limit erosion from high tides
