Coasts EQ1

Question 1

What is the littoral zone?

Answer 1

An area of shoreline where land is subject to wave action

Question 2

How can we categorise coasts?

Answer 2

Rocky coasts + coastal plain
High energy + low energy
Erosional + depositional
Emergent + submegent

Question 3

What is deltamic coast?

Answer 3

Dominated by river sediment

Question 4

What is a reed coast?

Answer 4

Dominated by growth of coral

Question 5

What is the back shore zone?

Answer 5

Above high tide level + only affected by waves during exceptionally high tides + major storms

Question 6

What is the foreshore zone?

Answer 6

Where wave process occur between high + low tide margins

Question 7

What is the nearshore zone?

Answer 7

Shallow water areas close to land + used extensively for fishing and leisure

Question 8

What is the offshore zone?

Answer 8

The open sea

Question 9

What is a coastal system?

Answer 9

Imputs energy from winds creates waves which hit the cliff causing it to erode

Question 10

What is a discordant coastline?

Answer 10

Hard + soft rock run perpendicular to the coast
Creates bays and headlands

Question 11

What is a concordant coastline?

Answer 11

Hard + soft rock run parallel to the coast

Question 12

What is a Dalmatian coastline?

Answer 12

Bands of resistant rock along a concordant coastline w soft layers being eroded producing parallel islands

Question 13

What is a haff coastline?

Answer 13

Different types of concordant coastline, found southern fringes of Baltic Sea
Long sediment ridges run parallel to coast just off shore creating lagoons

Question 14

What is strata?

Answer 14

Layers of rock

Question 15

What are bedding planes?

Answer 15

Horizontal cracks
Lines of weakness caused by gaps in time during period of rock formation

Question 16

What are joints?

Answer 16

Vertical cracks
Caused by contractions as sediments dry out

Question 17

What are faults?

Answer 17

Formed when stress exceeds internal strength causing it to move

Question 18

What are folds?

Answer 18

Formed by pressure during tectonic activity
Presses together

Question 19

What is seaward dripping strata?

Answer 19

Strata pointing down to the sea
Lots of landslides

Question 20

What is landward dipping strata?

Answer 20

Strata that points down away from the sea towards the base of the cliff
Steep overhanging sections

Question 21

What is horizontal strata?

Answer 21

Horizontal layers of rock

Question 22

What are characteristics of igneous rock?

Answer 22

Crystalline
Resistant
Impermeable

Question 23

What are examples of igneous rock?

Answer 23

Granite
Diorite
Basalt
Can be found in Cornwall

Question 24

What are the recession rates of igneous rock?

Answer 24

1mm/yr or less

Question 25

What are characteristics of metamorphic rock?

Answer 25

Hard Resistant Impermeable

Question 26

What are examples of metamorphic rocks?

Answer 26

Marble Schist Slate Can be found in Scotland

Question 27

What are the recession rates for metamorphic rocks?

Answer 27

1mm-1cm/yr

Question 28

What are the characteristics of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 28

Permeable Jointed Some porous

Question 29

What are examples of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 29

Sandstone Limestone Chalk Shale Can be found in Dorset and Devon

Question 30

What are the recession rates for sedimentary rocks

Answer 30

1cm-1m/yr Or 1mm-1cm/yr

Question 31

What is unconsolidated materials?

Answer 31

Boulder clay Lose and easily eroded If compacted particles stick together form impermeable layer

Question 32

What are examples of unconsolidated materials?

Answer 32

Holderness coastline 1-10m/yr

Question 33

How does vegetation stabilise coasts?

Answer 33

Roots of plants-bind particles together= harder to erode Plants cover surface of sediment- act as protective layer avoiding exposure to moving water Plants act as obstacles- reduce wind speed

Question 34

How does sand dune succession occur?

Answer 34

1. Sand gathers around obstacle on strand line 2. Hardy plants colonise on small embryo dunes 3. Small dunes grow into large fore/yellow dunes as more sand accumulates 4. After series of plants changes, climate community reached marks end of succession

Question 35

What is salt marsh succession?

Answer 35

Coastal wetlands flooded and drained by salt water brought by tides Marshy as soil composed of deep mud and peat is waterlogged and spongy Creates salt marsh