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Geography > Coasts EQ1 > Flashcards

Coasts EQ1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the littoral zone?

A

An area of shoreline where land is subject to wave action

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2
Q

How can we categorise coasts?

A

Rocky coasts + coastal plain
High energy + low energy
Erosional + depositional
Emergent + submegent

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3
Q

What is deltamic coast?

A

Dominated by river sediment

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4
Q

What is a reed coast?

A

Dominated by growth of coral

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5
Q

What is the back shore zone?

A

Above high tide level + only affected by waves during exceptionally high tides + major storms

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6
Q

What is the foreshore zone?

A

Where wave process occur between high + low tide margins

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7
Q

What is the nearshore zone?

A

Shallow water areas close to land + used extensively for fishing and leisure

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8
Q

What is the offshore zone?

A

The open sea

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9
Q

What is a coastal system?

A

Imputs energy from winds creates waves which hit the cliff causing it to erode

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10
Q

What is a discordant coastline?

A

Hard + soft rock run perpendicular to the coast
Creates bays and headlands

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11
Q

What is a concordant coastline?

A

Hard + soft rock run parallel to the coast

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12
Q

What is a Dalmatian coastline?

A

Bands of resistant rock along a concordant coastline w soft layers being eroded producing parallel islands

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13
Q

What is a haff coastline?

A

Different types of concordant coastline, found southern fringes of Baltic Sea
Long sediment ridges run parallel to coast just off shore creating lagoons

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14
Q

What is strata?

A

Layers of rock

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15
Q

What are bedding planes?

A

Horizontal cracks
Lines of weakness caused by gaps in time during period of rock formation

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16
Q

What are joints?

A

Vertical cracks
Caused by contractions as sediments dry out

17
Q

What are faults?

A

Formed when stress exceeds internal strength causing it to move

18
Q

What are folds?

A

Formed by pressure during tectonic activity
Presses together

19
Q

What is seaward dripping strata?

A

Strata pointing down to the sea
Lots of landslides

20
Q

What is landward dipping strata?

A

Strata that points down away from the sea towards the base of the cliff
Steep overhanging sections

21
Q

What is horizontal strata?

A

Horizontal layers of rock

22
Q

What are characteristics of igneous rock?

A

Crystalline
Resistant
Impermeable

23
Q

What are examples of igneous rock?

A

Granite
Diorite
Basalt
Can be found in Cornwall

24
Q

What are the recession rates of igneous rock?

A

1mm/yr or less

25
Q

What are characteristics of metamorphic rock?

A

Hard
Resistant
Impermeable

26
Q

What are examples of metamorphic rocks?

A

Marble
Schist
Slate
Can be found in Scotland

27
Q

What are the recession rates for metamorphic rocks?

A

1mm-1cm/yr

28
Q

What are the characteristics of sedimentary rocks?

A

Permeable
Jointed
Some porous

29
Q

What are examples of sedimentary rocks?

A

Sandstone
Limestone
Chalk
Shale
Can be found in Dorset and Devon

30
Q

What are the recession rates for sedimentary rocks

A

1cm-1m/yr
Or
1mm-1cm/yr

31
Q

What is unconsolidated materials?

A

Boulder clay
Lose and easily eroded
If compacted particles stick together form impermeable layer

32
Q

What are examples of unconsolidated materials?

A

Holderness coastline
1-10m/yr

33
Q

How does vegetation stabilise coasts?

A

Roots of plants-bind particles together= harder to erode
Plants cover surface of sediment- act as protective layer avoiding exposure to moving water
Plants act as obstacles- reduce wind speed

34
Q

How does sand dune succession occur?

A
  1. Sand gathers around obstacle on strand line
  2. Hardy plants colonise on small embryo dunes
  3. Small dunes grow into large fore/yellow dunes as more sand accumulates
  4. After series of plants changes, climate community reached marks end of succession
35
Q

What is salt marsh succession?

A

Coastal wetlands flooded and drained by salt water brought by tides
Marshy as soil composed of deep mud and peat is waterlogged and spongy
Creates salt marsh

Geography (23 decks)

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