Tectonics EQ2

Question 1

What is a natural hazard?

Answer 1

Natural event that has potential to threaten life and property

Question 2

What is a natural disaster?

Answer 2

Realisation of a hazard, when causes significant impact in vulnerable population

Question 3

What is vulnerability?

Answer 3

High risk combined with inability to cope

Question 4

What is threshold of resilience?

Answer 4

Ability of community to rehabilitate, reconstruct after to return to high quality living

Question 5

What is the degg model?

Answer 5

Hazard risk equation= hazard x vulnerability divided by capacity to cope

Question 6

What is the pressure release model (PAR)?

Answer 6

Root causes- dynamic pressure- unsafe conditions- disaster
Natural hazard- disaster

Question 7

What are root causes in the PAR model?

Answer 7

Limited access to power, structure, resources
Poor gov, cultural, political and economical systems

Question 8

What are dynamic pressures in the PAR model?

Answer 8

Lack of training
Local investment
Education
Poor communication

Question 9

What are unsafe conditions in the PAR model?

Answer 9

Physical environment
Economy
Social relations
Public actions

Question 10

What is the moment magnitude scale?

Answer 10

Logarithmic scale where each level 10x energy then one below
3.0: minor, many a year rarely damage
5.0: moderate, damage over large area 1000-1500 a year
7.0: major, between 10-20 a year serious damage
9.0: great, once a decade serious damage

Question 11

What is the VEI scale?

Answer 11

Volcanic Explositivity Index
Composite index combining eruption height, volume of material erupted and duration
0-3: shield volcanoes, basaltic eruptions- constructive boundary
4-7: destructive plate boundary
8: super volcano

Question 12

What is the modified mercalli scale?

Answer 12

Measure of intensity of earthquakes, designed to describe the effects of an earthquake at a given place, measured in Roman numerals from 1 to 12

Question 13

What is a hazard profiles?

Answer 13

Used to compare different hazards or same hazards with different processes

Question 14

Examples of hazard profiles

Answer 14

Volcanoes on different boundaries
Hazards with different human vulnerabilities
Can plan for future events

Question 15

What are the different types of governance?

Answer 15

Administrative
Political
Economic

Question 16

What are examples of administrative governance?

Answer 16

Monitor and implement policies
Enforce and check
Regulation making sure they are being followed

Question 17

What are examples of political governance?

Answer 17

Process of decision making to create policies
Brings everyone together: state, non-state and private sector players

Question 18

What are examples of economic governance?

Answer 18

Decisions on how, why and where money is spent
Major implications for equality for people ans quality of life

Question 19

How do levels of development influence vulnerability and resilience?

Answer 19

Lower the development a more vulnerable and less resilient
Due to less education and lack of good infrastructure, people are unaware of the dangers

Question 20

Impact of the population density on impact of hazards

Answer 20

Higher population density makes it harder to evacuate buildings increasing the impact the hazard has

Question 21

The effect isolation has on tectonic impacts

Answer 21

More isolated areas are hard to research and supply aid
Remote rural areas sometimes not reached for days
Poor communication
Fewer medical assistance

Question 22

The effect on urbanisation on tectonic impacts

Answer 22

Higher concentrations of people and buildings in developing countries that have lower development more at risk due to being easily destructed due to poor construction