Tectonics EQ2 Flashcards
What is a natural hazard?
Natural event that has potential to threaten life and property
What is a natural disaster?
Realisation of a hazard, when causes significant impact in vulnerable population
What is vulnerability?
High risk combined with inability to cope
What is threshold of resilience?
Ability of community to rehabilitate, reconstruct after to return to high quality living
What is the degg model?
Hazard risk equation= hazard x vulnerability divided by capacity to cope
What is the pressure release model (PAR)?
Root causes- dynamic pressure- unsafe conditions- disaster
Natural hazard- disaster
What are root causes in the PAR model?
Limited access to power, structure, resources
Poor gov, cultural, political and economical systems
What are dynamic pressures in the PAR model?
Lack of training
Local investment
Education
Poor communication
What are unsafe conditions in the PAR model?
Physical environment
Economy
Social relations
Public actions
What is the moment magnitude scale?
Logarithmic scale where each level 10x energy then one below
3.0: minor, many a year rarely damage
5.0: moderate, damage over large area 1000-1500 a year
7.0: major, between 10-20 a year serious damage
9.0: great, once a decade serious damage
What is the VEI scale?
Volcanic Explositivity Index
Composite index combining eruption height, volume of material erupted and duration
0-3: shield volcanoes, basaltic eruptions- constructive boundary
4-7: destructive plate boundary
8: super volcano
What is the modified mercalli scale?
Measure of intensity of earthquakes, designed to describe the effects of an earthquake at a given place, measured in Roman numerals from 1 to 12
What is a hazard profiles?
Used to compare different hazards or same hazards with different processes
Examples of hazard profiles
Volcanoes on different boundaries
Hazards with different human vulnerabilities
Can plan for future events
What are the different types of governance?
Administrative
Political
Economic
What are examples of administrative governance?
Monitor and implement policies
Enforce and check
Regulation making sure they are being followed
What are examples of political governance?
Process of decision making to create policies
Brings everyone together: state, non-state and private sector players
What are examples of economic governance?
Decisions on how, why and where money is spent
Major implications for equality for people ans quality of life
How do levels of development influence vulnerability and resilience?
Lower the development a more vulnerable and less resilient
Due to less education and lack of good infrastructure, people are unaware of the dangers
Impact of the population density on impact of hazards
Higher population density makes it harder to evacuate buildings increasing the impact the hazard has
The effect isolation has on tectonic impacts
More isolated areas are hard to research and supply aid
Remote rural areas sometimes not reached for days
Poor communication
Fewer medical assistance
The effect on urbanisation on tectonic impacts
Higher concentrations of people and buildings in developing countries that have lower development more at risk due to being easily destructed due to poor construction
