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EEC2B > Wastewater Legislation (20a) > Flashcards

Wastewater Legislation (20a) Flashcards

1
Q

Use of Water Value Chain?

A

Helps us understand what the normal water use system is comprised of.

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2
Q

What does the Water Value Chain show us?

A

That industry is dependent on water supply & the discharge of wastewater back into the sewer system or water bodies.

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3
Q

From Problem statement 2: How will water increasingly become the limiting resource in SA? (4)

A

Through:

• More people requiring portable water.
• Need to increase agricultural production to feed people.
• Ongoing need for ensuring economic development to grow the country.
• Ensuring that there’s an environmental reserve in place.

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4
Q

Why do we need to ensure that there is an environmental reserve in place?

A

For the sustainability of the resource.

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5
Q

From Problem statement 2: How will supply become a major restriction to the future socioeconomic development of the country?

A

Through the quantity of water being compromised as a consequence of the quality in water in rivers being compromised.

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6
Q

Non-revenue water?

A

= clean, treated drinking water that is “lost” before it reaches the customer.

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7
Q

From Problem statement 2: Why does SA have as much as 40% of it’s available bulk water lost to non-revenue water? What is it a result of? (3)

A

• Unauthorized connections.
• An absence of effective metering at municipal level.
• Inadequate maintenance of reticulation systems (leads to water leakages).

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8
Q

From Problem statement 2: What are the parties that cause the extreme pollution of the vast majority of SA water resources (surface & groundwater)? (6)

A

• Industrial effluents.
• Domestic sewage.
• Commercial sewage.
• AMD.
• Agricultural runoff.
• Litter.

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9
Q

What is the main issue that puts severe stress on the available resource & its quality?

A

An absence of effective water management at municipal levels.

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10
Q

Egs of the extreme pollution stated in Problem 2? (2)

A

● Klipriviersberg
= bacterial contamination is so high it poses a serious health risk.

● Bruma lake
= faecal coliforms per 100ml as high as 3 million (when ideal target is max of 130).

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11
Q

Types of losses from NRW? (2)

A

• Real losses.
• Apparent losses.

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12
Q

NRW stands for?

A

Non-revenue water.

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13
Q

Real losses?

A

= physical losses of water from the distribution system.

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14
Q

Eg of Real losses?

A

Through leaks.

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15
Q

Apparent losses?

A

= non-physical losses where water that is successfully delivered is not measured or recorded accurately.

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16
Q

Egs of Apparent losses? (2)

A

• Through leaks.
• Through metering inaccuracies.

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17
Q

Which sectors is water use expected to increase? (3)

A

• Industrial sector.
• Agriculture sector.
• Municipal sector.

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18
Q

Why increased water use in industry sector?

A

For thermoelectric power plants.

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19
Q

Why increased water use in agriculture sector?

A

Through increase of land under irrigation.

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20
Q

Why increased water use in municipal sector?

A
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21
Q

NDP stands for?

A

National Development Plan.

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22
Q

Why do we care about preserving water?

A
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23
Q

Impacts of water scarcity on industry? (2)

A

• Increased cost.
• Decreased water security & supply.

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24
Q

Why would industries experience such impacts of water scarcity? What is it a result of? (3)

A

• Decreased quality of water.

• Decreased quantities of water

• Decreased certainty of supply due to competing uses.

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25
Q

Impacts of water quality on communities? (2)

A

• Disease outbreaks through people washing or playing in contaminated rivers.

• Cost implications for industry, directly or indirectly.

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26
Q

Main thing to take away about impacts of poor water quality?

A

Industry is never immune to what happens outside the institution itself.

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27
Q

Elaborate how industry is affected by cost implications directly?/ Obtaining water directly?

A

Drawing water from source and having to spend more money on purifying water to ensure it is fit for use by the industry.

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28
Q

Elaborate how industry is affected by cost implications directly?/ Obtaining water indirectly?

A

Via a Municipality or a Water Service Provider who will need to alter water tariffs to take Increased costs of purification of potable water on board and pass it on to consumers.

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29
Q

The largest water use in SA? How much in percentage?

A

The agriculture sector with 57%.

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30
Q

Water users in SA with their percentages? (3)

A

• Agriculture sector = 57%
• Municipal sector = 35%
• Industrial sector = 8%

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31
Q

NEMA focuses? (4)

A

● Pollution prevention.

● Environmental management principles.

● Incident management.

● Environmental authorizations.

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32
Q

NEMA main focus?

A

= governs the overall conservation & sustainable use of natural resources.

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33
Q

NEMA is administered by?

A

Department of Environmental Affairs.

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34
Q

What was the solution Pre 1998/before the declaration of NWA?

A

“Solution to pollution is dilution” approach.

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35
Q

What did the “Solution to pollution is dilution” approach need?

A

Depended on the assimilative capacity of the receiving water body.

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36
Q

Assimilative capacity?

A

= ability of a river to receive pollutants & buffer it.

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37
Q

What major issues had to be addressed regarding the “Solution to pollution is dilution” approach? (2)

A

● Equal distribution of water services to all South Africans.

● Water had to be treated as a limited resource.

38
Q

Water transfer is under what act?

A

NWA.

39
Q

Under the NWA, water transfer is regulated by what department?

A

Department of Water & Sanitation.

40
Q

What does the NWA focus on only?

A

Pollution of water resources.

41
Q

What department is the NWA administered by?

A

Department of Water & Sanitation.

42
Q

What do the NWA have to prioritize? (2)

A

• BHNR.
• ER.

43
Q

BHNR?

A

= water for basic human needs.

44
Q

BHNR stands for?

A

Basic Human Needs Reserve.

45
Q

ER?

A

= environmental water use.

46
Q

ER stands for?

A

Ecological Reserve.

47
Q

What did the term “environment” include? (2)

A

• Surface-water flows.
• Groundwater base flows.

48
Q

Water Services Act focuses/deals with what? (3)

A

• The right to access to basic water supply.

• The right to access to basic sanitation.

• To provide for the the setting of national standards and norms & standards for tariffs.

49
Q

Why does the WSA have to deal with what it deals with? (2)

A

● Right to access to basic water supply
= to secure sufficient water.

● Right to access to basic sanitation
= to secure an environment not harmful to human health or well-being.

50
Q

Which department administers WSA?

A

DWS.

51
Q

Other pieces of legislation that are examinable? (6)

A

• WRA.
• WUA.
• NWRS.
• NPSWUC.
• NWP.
• SWDCS.

52
Q

WRA =?

A

Water Resesrch Act.

53
Q

WUA =?

A

Water Use Authorization.

54
Q

NWRS =?

A

National Water Resource Strategy.

55
Q

NPSWUC =?

A

National Pricing Strategy for Water Use Chargers.

56
Q

NWP =?

A

National Water Policy.

57
Q

SWDCS =?

A

Strategy for the Water Discharge Charge System.

58
Q

WRA?

A

=

59
Q

WUA?

A

=

60
Q

NWRS?

A

=

61
Q

NPSWUC?

A

=

62
Q

NWP?

A

=

63
Q

SWDCS?

A

=

64
Q

Registration?

A

= process of officially notifying the Department of a water use.

65
Q

How is water use registered?

A

By completing the official forms obtainable from the Department.

66
Q

Where are Registration Regulations published?

A

Government Gazette.

67
Q

List the water uses? (5)

A

• Storing water.

• Taking water from a water source.

• Impeding/Diverting water flow on a watercourse.

• Discharging waste/water containing waste into a water resource.

• Engaging in a controlled activity.

68
Q

Purpose of storing water?

A

Domestic use.

69
Q

Purpose of taking water from a water resource?

A

Processing minerals.

70
Q

Purpose of impeding/diverting water flow in a watercourse?

A

Roads/Facilities within wetlands

71
Q

Purpose of discharging waste/water containing waste into a water resource?

A

Disposing access water.

72
Q

Purpose of engaging in a controlled activity?

A

Dust suppression.

73
Q

Why register? (2)

A

• Allows the DWS to do 4 things.
• Initiates the first step in recovering costs of water use.

74
Q

What does registering allow the DWS to do? (4)

A

● Manage & control water resources for planning and development.

● Protect water resources against over-use, damage & impacts.

● Ensure fair allocation of water among users.

● Information from the registration process enables department to conduct its business like compulsory licensing.

75
Q

Who must register? (5)

A

• Individuals (farmers, landowners).

• Companies/Businesses.

• National/Provincial government.

• Water Use Associations.

• Water Services Providers (Water Boards, Local government).

76
Q

How to register your water uses? (4)

A

● Obtain official registration forms from the Department.

● Complete registration forms.

● Forms must be processed.

● Registration certificate will be issued with Register number.

77
Q

What happens if registration forms are incomplete?

A

• Incomplete forms may be returned to the water user.

• Registration is suspended until complete information is provided.

78
Q

Water users role?

A

Dictate the receiving water quality requirements.

79
Q

Water uses role?

A

Potentially impact on the water resources.

80
Q

General standards/authorizations for the discharge of wastewater, what to remember?

A

• Table of General Standards For Wastewater.

• Measured parameters must comply with limits specified in amendments of the NWA.

81
Q

Domestic sewage can be discharged to a water resource if…?

A

If a group of measured parameters comply with the limits specified in the amendments of the NWA.

82
Q

Why do we need Standards?

A

To prevent the occurrence of extreme cases of water pollution.

83
Q

How do we achieve standards?

A

Through monitoring.

84
Q

Monitoring programme steps/design? (4)

A

● Determine information needs.

● Set monitoring programme objectives based on information needs.

● Establish criteria for 6 things based on monitoring programme objectives.

● Design monitoring programme according to set criteria.

85
Q

What are the 6 things you are to set criteria for?

A

● Monitoring site selection.

● Variable selection.

● Sampling frequency determination.

● Data & information management (Data handling).

● Operational structure.

● Quality assurance requirements.

86
Q

> general limit means?

A

Compliance.

87
Q

< general limit means?

A

Defiance.

88
Q

Consequences of defiance?

A

Fines of person.

89
Q

Things to note regarding graphs of parameters?

A

• Be able to interpret them.
• What are the limits?
• What do the limits mean?

90
Q

Why do we need standards? (2)

A

• To prevent extremely polluted water bodies.
• To prevent death of aquatic organisms.

EEC2B (43 decks)

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