Impacts On Ecosystems & ES (9)

Question 1

Humans’ impact on ecosystems? (4)

Answer 1

• Hunting & gathering.
• Agriculture.
• Industrial growth.
• Urban development.

Question 2

List the subsequent consequences of the primary human impacts? (1, 3, 2, 2)

Answer 2

● Hunting & gathering
- extinctions of large animals.

● Agriculture

• food supply/fertilizer use.
• pesticide use.
• monoculture use.

● Industrial growth

• high standard of living.
• increased pollution.

● Urban development

• high standard of living.
• increased pollution.

Question 3

Resources types? (2)

Answer 3

• Renewable resources.

* Non-renewable resources.

Question 4

Explain resources types? (2)

Answer 4

● Renewable resources
= can be regenerated but are not limitless.

● Non-renewable resources
= cannot be replenished & recover very slowly.

Question 5

Egs of resources types? (2 for each)

Answer 5

● Renewable resources

• water.
• food sources like fish.

● Non-renewable resources

• oil.
• coal.

Question 6

Types of ES? (2)

Answer 6

• Intermediate ES.

* Final ES.

Question 7

Egs of each ES type? (4, 3)

Answer 7

● Intermediate ES

• soil formation.
• nutrient cycling.
• pollination.
• primary production.

● Final ES

• clean water provision.
• food production.
• water regulation.

Question 8

Name the 7 environmental problems?

Answer 8

• Water pollution & water scarcity.
• Air pollution.
• Solid & hazardous wastes.
• Soil degradation.
• Deforestation.
• Biodiversity loss.
• Atmospheric changes.

Question 9

List HEALTH EFFECTS of each environmental problem. (1 for each)

Answer 9

● Water pollution & scarcity
= poor household hygiene.

● Air pollution
= premature deaths.

● Solid & hazardous wastes
= spread of disease via rotting garbage

● Soil degradation
= reduced nutrition for poor farmers

● Deforestation
= localized flooding leads to death.

● Biodiversity loss
= loss of new drugs.

● Atmospheric changes
= vector-borne diseases.

Question 10

List PRODUCTIVITY EFFECTS of each environmental problem. (1 for each)

Answer 10

● Water pollution & scarcity
= declining fisheries.

● Air pollution
= restrictions on vehicle & industrial activity.

● Solid & hazardous wastes
= pollution of groundwater resources.

● Soil degradation
= off-site siltation of reservoirs.

● Deforestation
= loss of carbon sequestration by forests.

● Biodiversity loss
= reduced ecosystem adaptability.

● Atmospheric changes
= disruption of marine food chain.

Question 11

Green revolution?

Answer 11

= use of large quantities of chemicals to enhance food supply like fertilizer.

Question 12

Intermediate ES in terms of ES categories? (2)

Answer 12

• Supporting ES.

* Regulating ES.

Question 13

Final ES in terms of ES categories? (1?

Answer 13

Regulating ES.

Question 14

ES categories resulting from Intermediate ES & Final ES benefits?

Answer 14

Provisioning ES.