Payment Of Ecosystem Services [PES] (11) Flashcards
Name the 2 principles of PES?
- Those who provide environmental services get paid for doing so (“Provider gets”).
- Those who benefit from environmental services pay for their provision (“User pays”).
2 Egs of regional solutions to global issues?
- Restoration of peatlands in Germany (Schafer, 2009).
* Working for Water, South Africa.
Explain each regional solution. For each, list the PROBLEM, EFFECT OF PROBLEM, SOLUTION.
● Restoration of peatlands in Germany.
- PROBLEM = drainage of peatlands for agriculture.
- EFFECT OF PROBLEM = increased emission of CO2.
- SOLUTION = peatlands restoration=a low cost biodiversity-friendly mitigation option.
● Working for Water.
- PROBLEM = high water demand of invasive alien plants (IAPs).
- EFFECT OF PROBLEM = impeding farming+irrigation & intensifying floods+fires.
- SOLUTION = eradicate the IAPs=increased water flow.
What ecological infrastructures are being investing in? (6)
- Afforestation.
- Wetlands & forests.
- Mangroves.
- Restore forests, lakes & wetlands.
- Coral reefs (fish nurseries).
- Improve connectivity.
What are the multiple benefits of investing in ecological infrastructure?
● Afforestation
- Carbon storage.
- Reduced risk of soil erosion & landslides.
● Wetlands & forests
- Reduced risk of flooding impacts.
● Mangroves
- Reduced coastal erosion.
- Reduced natural hazards.
● Restore forests, lakes & wetlands
- Reduced water scarcity.
● Coral reefs (fish nurseries)
- Increased fisheries productivity.
- Increased food security.
● Improved connectivity
- Facilitates resilience of ecosystems & species.
3 effects of upstream land use? [Water services]
Affects:
• Quantity of water flows.
• Quality of water flows.
• Timing of water flows.
Where do payments for water services go? (2)
- Private landowners (includes buffer zones & biological corridors).
- Protected Area budgets.
