Nature-based Solutions (13c)

Question 1

Nature-based solutions?

Answer 1

= actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems, that address societal challenges effectively & adaptively while providing human well-being & biodiversity benefits.

Question 2

Nature-based solutions aims? (4)

Answer 2

• Supporting the achievement of SDGs.
• Safeguard human wellbeing.
• Enhance ecosystem resilience, their capacity for renewal & the provision of services.
• Address major societal challenges like food security, climate change, disaster risk, etc.

Question 3

Key aspects of nature-based solutions?

Answer 3

• deliberate interventions that use nature’s properties to tackle societal challenges & potentially provide multiple benefits.

Question 4

NBS is an umbrella concept for what? (5)

Answer 4

• Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA).
• Ecosystem-based mitigation (EbM).
• Eco-disaster Risk Reduction (eco-DRR).
• Green Infrastructure (GI).
• Natural Climate Solutions (NCS).

Question 5

Categories of NBS approaches? (5)

Answer 5

• Ecosystem restoration approaches.
• Ecosystem protection approaches.
• Ecosystem-based management approaches.
• Infrastructure-related approaches.
• Issue-specific ecosystem-related approaches.

Question 6

Egs of Ecosystem restoration approaches? (3)

Answer 6

• Ecological restoration.
• Ecological engineering.
• Forest landscape restoration.

Question 7

Egs of Ecosystem-based management approaches? (2)

Answer 7

• Integrated coastal zone management.
• Integrated water resources management.

Question 8

Eg of Ecosystem protection approaches?

Answer 8

Area-based conservation approaches, including protected area management.

Question 9

Egs of infrastructure-related approaches? (2)

Answer 9

• Natural infrastructure.
• Green infrastructure.

Question 10

Egs of Issue-specific ecosystem-related approaches? (3)

Answer 10

• EbA.
• EbM.
• Climate adaptation services.

Question 11

Main aim of NBS?

Answer 11

Building urban resilience.

Question 12

Indicators of NBS effectiveness?

Answer 12

● Integrated environmental performance.
- Increased biodiversity.
- Increase in ecosystem disservices (more mosquitoes).

● Health & wellbeing.
- Increase in physical & mental health.
- Increased quality of life, happiness & employment.

● Transferability & monitoring.
- Integrated governance.
- Transfer of actions.

● Citizen’s involvement.
- Involvement in green implementation projects.
- Ownership & responsibility by people of green spaces.

Question 13

Eg of NBS effectiveness?

Answer 13

Braamfonteinspruit trail.

Question 14

Egs of NBS? (4)

Answer 14

• Greens roofs & walls.
• Planting trees in cities.
• Protecting/restoring coastal ecosystems.
• City parks (The Wilds).