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D3 KID > Washington State > Flashcards

Washington State Flashcards

1
Q

Most Washington vineyards located within the confines of what AVA?

A

Columbia Valley AVA (eastern part of state)

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2
Q

What blocks Pacific weather from Columbia Valley AVA? So what?

A

Cascade Mountains
=> dry, warm conditions

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3
Q

Washington State: what are conditions like on western side of Cascade mountains?

A

Pacific influence
Wetter climate than eastern side (Columbia Valley AVA)
Puget Sound AVA is here

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4
Q

What action in 1903 “Unlocked the dormant potential” of Washington State as a wine region?

A

Large-scale irrigation, from meltwater off the Cascade Mountains

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5
Q

First commercial sized plantings in Washington when?

A

1960s

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6
Q

House Bill 100 (Washington State)

A

Washington legislature pass bill to overturn 30 years of protectionism. allow import of wines from out of state and country

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7
Q

House Bill 100 ended protectionism and allowed wine imports into Washington State. So what?

A

Producers face economic threat!
Industry needed to up its game
-> Andre Tschelistcheff consultant at Ch Ste Michelle and elsewhere
Quality improves

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8
Q

Chateu Ste. Michelle accounts for what % of Washington State production

A

Well over 50%!!!

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9
Q

Significant producers in Washington State

A

Chateau Ste Michelle (50% of production of entire state)
Quilceda Creek
Cayuse Vineyards

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10
Q

More black or white grapes in Washington?

A

Black 58%

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11
Q

Most planted grape in Washington?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon (26% of plantings)

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12
Q

Top 5 grapes in Washington

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Chardonnay
Riesling
Syrah

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13
Q

Washington is warm, sunny and dry with cold nights. So what?

A

Grapes with ripe fruit flavours
Sometimes high alcohol
Medium (+) to high acidity

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14
Q

Comment on oak use in Washington

A

often a high % of new oak
some producers using older oak or larger vessels (particularly for Syrah)

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15
Q

Riesling style in Washington?

A

Off-dry
10-15g/L
some experiments with drier or even sweeter styles (botrytis or ice wine)

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16
Q

Columbia Valley AVA covers approx what proportion of Washington State?

A

one-third

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17
Q

What % of Washington’s vineyards are within Columbia Valley AVA?

A

99%

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18
Q

Smaller AVAs within Columbia Valley include…

A

Yakima Valley
Red Mountain
Horse Heaven Hills
Wahluke Slope
Rattlesnake Hills
Walla Walla Valley

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19
Q

Shelter of the Cascade Range does what for Columbia Valley AVA?

A

Protects from Pacific
-> arid, desert-like area

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20
Q

Climate in Columbia Valley AVA (Washington State)

A

Continental with hot summers
Rapid cooling in autumn and winter

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21
Q

Columbia Valley AVA has latitude of 45-48N. So what?

A

Daylight hours are long in growing season
One hour longer on average than California!

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22
Q

Hot summer in Columbia Valley AVA does what to sugar accumulation? And then what?

A

Rapid accumulation during summer
Much cooler autumn temperatures -> flavours and tannins develop as sugar accumulation slows

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23
Q

Hot summers in Columbia Valley AVA make climate change a concern. So what?

A

Growers looking for cooler sites

24
Q

Soils in Columbia Valley AVA? So what?

A

Complex basalt bedrock withs andy, silty loess and alluvial topsoils
Ridges and anticlines
=> slopes and expositions etc
=> sub-AVAs reflect this nuance in soil and topography

25
Q

Columbia Valley: not much rain, and soils are free-draining and low in nutrients. So what?

A

Irrigation is necessary
Water from Columbia River, its tributaries and underground aquifers
Drip irrigation and overhead spraying

26
Q

Sandy soils in Columbia Valley mean what for planting decisions?

A

Low risk of phylloxera
Growers can plant vines on their own roots

27
Q

Arid conditions and cold winters in Columbia Valley mean what for disease/pest pressure? So what?

A

Pressure is low
Reduced need for spraying and pesticides

28
Q

Most planted grape variety in Columbia Valley AVA?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

29
Q

Washington’s oldest AVA?

A

Yakima Valley AVA

30
Q

Land under vine in Yakima Valley AVA

A

7,600ha
Supplies one-third of Washington’s production

31
Q

Largest sub-AVA of Columbia Valley?

A

Yakima Valley AVA

32
Q

Most planted variety in Yakima Valley AVA? Why?

A

Chardonnay
AVA has cooler sites suited to white grapes

33
Q

Frosts and winter freeze a risk in Columbia Valley (including Yakima Valley AVA). So what?

A

Growers plant on slopes to mitigate risk

34
Q

Sub-AVAs of Yakima Valley AVA?

A

Red Mountain AVA
Rattlesnake Hills AVA
Snipes Mountain AVA

(note Yakima Valley is itself a sub-AVA of Columbia Valley AVA)

35
Q

Red Mountain AVA known for what grape/wine style?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Ripe, full body
High alcohol
Large diurnal range => acidity

36
Q

Most planted grape in Rattlesnake Hills AVA?

A

Riesling!

37
Q

Where is Horse Heaven Hills AVA located?

A

Part of Columbia Valley AVA
sits between Yakima Valley (to north) and Columbia River and Washington-Oregon border (to south)

38
Q

Horse Heaven Hills has 6,500ha under vine. Put that in context!

A

Accounts for 25% of Washington’s total grape production

39
Q

Land under vine in Horse Heaven Hills

A

6,500ha
25% of Washington’s total grape production

40
Q

More black or white grapes in Horse Heaven Hills AVA?

A

Black 66%
Cabernet SAuvignon, Merlot and Syrah

41
Q

Horse Heaven Hills has a lot of south-facing slopes. So what?

A

Warm adn sunny conditions
Ripe, full bodied reds with high alcohol
Whites with ripe fruit (stone fruit in Riesling)

42
Q

What protects Horse Heaven Hills AVA from spring frosts?

A

WIND!
Sloped topography and Columbia River cause strong winds

43
Q

What impact does wind have on Horse Heaven Hills AVA?

A

Reduce frost risk
extend growing season
reduces disease pressure

44
Q

Wahluke Slope AVA is one of Washington’s warmest sites. Why? So what?

A

Gentle south-facing slope -> max sun exposrue
Warm conditions -> red wines: Cab, Merlot, Syrah

45
Q

Walla Walla Valley AVA shared between which two states? What % in each?

A

Oregon and Washington
Slightly more in Wash but broadly 50-50

46
Q

Walla Walla Valley AVA has a lot of differences in climate, altitude etc. within it. So what?

A

Variety of grapes can ripen. Cabernet Sauvignon, Italian, Spanish and Rhone varieties and many others

47
Q

Land under vine in Puget Sound AVA

A

42 ha
tiny!

48
Q

Name the only Washington AVA west of the Cascade Mountains?

A

Puget Sound AVA

49
Q

Climate in Puget Sound AVA

A

Warm and dry in summer
Mild, relatively wet winter (1,500mm rain)

50
Q

What kind of grapes dominate in Puget Sound AVA?

A

Hybrids!
Madelein Angevine, Muller Thurgau, Siegerrebe

Also Pinot Noir and Riesling

51
Q

Washington State ranks where in US wine production volume?

A

2nd biggest

52
Q

How has Washington wine developed over last 40 years?

A

Different grapes: Evolved from mostly Riesling to now: Brodeauxa dn Rhone varieties

Big expansion: 10 wineries in 1975, 200 in 2000 and now 1,000!

53
Q

How big is Ste Michelle Wine Estates?

A

massive
well over 50% of Washington production
74million L

54
Q

Most Washington wine sold where?

A

within the state
only biggest wienries and iconic labels export (other states and export countries)

55
Q

Mature export markets for Washington State?

A

Canada, UK, Japan

D3 KID (35 decks)

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